0102垂直分片-jdbc-shardingsphere

1 前言

垂直分片分为垂直分库于垂直分表，但是实际应用中数据库表会根据业务需要提前做好规划，垂直分表的情况很少使用。但是随着业务增长，某些重点业务数据库压力增大，可能考虑需要考虑垂直分库的情况。

垂直分库，简单表述就是根据表业务不同，放置在不同服务器中。下面就这种情况做下配置演示。

2 创建容器

服务器规划：使用docker创建如下容器

服务器：容器名server-user，端口3301
服务器：容器名server-order,端口3302

2.1 创建server-user容器

Step1：创建容器

docker run -it -p 3309:3306 --name mysql8-master --privileged=true \
-v /Users/gaogzhen/data/docker/mysql/mysql8/server-user/conf/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /Users/gaogzhen/data/docker/mysql/mysql8/server-user/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql

Step2：登录MySQL服务器

# 进入容器
docker exec -it server-user env LANG=c.UTF-8 /bin/bash
# 连接mysql服务
mysql -uroot -p
# 修改默认密码插件
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

Step3：创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE db_user;
use db_user;
CREATE TABLE t_user(id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT,name VARCHAR(30),PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

2.2 创建server-order 容器

Step1：创建容器

docker run -it -p 3302:3306 --name server-order --privileged=true \
-v /Users/gaogzhen/data/docker/mysql/mysql8/server-order/conf/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /Users/gaogzhen/data/docker/mysql/mysql8/server-order/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysqldocker run -it -p 3302:3306 --name server-order --privileged=true -v /Users/gaogzhen/data/docker/mysql/mysql8/server-order/conf/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /Users/gaogzhen/data/docker/mysql/mysql8/server-order/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql

Step2：登录MySQL服务器

# 进入容器
docker exec -it server-order env LANG=c.UTF-8 /bin/bash
# 连接mysql服务
mysql -uroot -p
# 修改默认密码插件
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

Step3：创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE db_order;
use db_order;
CREATE TABLE t_order(id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT,order_no vARCHAR(30),user_id BIGINT,amount DECIMAL(10,2),PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

3 编写程序

生成entity、service与mapper参考上一篇文章连接2.

4 配置

# 应用名称
spring.application.name=sharging-jdbc-demo
# 开发环境设置
spring.profiles.active=dev
# 内存模式
spring.shardingsphere.mode.type=Memory# 配置真实数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=server-user,server-order# 配置第 1 个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.server-user.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.server-user.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.server-user.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3301/db_user?allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&useSSL=false
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.server-user.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.server-user.password=123456# 配置第 2 个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.server-order.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.server-order.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.server-order.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3302/db_order?allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&useSSL=false
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.server-order.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.server-order.password=123456# 标准分片表配置
## 有数据源+表名组成，一小数点分割。多个表以逗号分割，支持inline表达式spring.shardingsphere.rules.sharding.tables.t_user.actual-data-nodes=server-user.t_user
spring.shardingsphere.rules.sharding.tables.t_order.actual-data-nodes=server-order.t_order# 打印SQl
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql-show=true# mybatis plus 配置
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.gaogzhen.shardingjdbcdemo.entity

指定逻辑表与真实数据源.表的对应关系，那么对于逻辑表的操作，最终会路由到真实表。

5 测试

package com.gaogzhen.shardingjdbcdemo;import com.gaogzhen.shardingjdbcdemo.entity.Order;
import com.gaogzhen.shardingjdbcdemo.entity.User;
import com.gaogzhen.shardingjdbcdemo.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.gaogzhen.shardingjdbcdemo.mapper.UserMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.math.BigDecimal;@SpringBootTest
public class VerticalSharingTest {@Resourceprivate UserMapper userMapper;@Resourceprivate OrderMapper orderMapper;@Testpublic void testInsert() {User user = new User();user.setName("张三");userMapper.insert(user);Order order = new Order();order.setUserId(user.getId());order.setOrderNo("1111");order.setAmount(BigDecimal.valueOf(10));orderMapper.insert(order);}@Testpublic void testSelect() {User user = userMapper.selectById(1L);Order order = orderMapper.selectById(1L);}
}