Mac下docker安装MySQL8.0.34

学习并记录一下如何用docker部署MySQL

在Docker中搜索并下载MySQL8.0.x的最新版本
下载好后，在Images中就可以看到MySQL的镜像了

通过下面的命令也可以查看
```
docker images
```
启动镜像，使用下面的命令就可以启动镜像了
```
docker run -itd --name mysql8.0.34 -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root mysql:8.0.34
```
解释：
1. -i ：即使没有连接，也要保持标准输入保持打开状态，一般与 -t 连用
2. -t：分配一个伪tty，一般与 -i 连用
3. -d：在后台运行容器，并且打印容器id
4. –name：镜像名称
5. -p：端口映射，容器内端口3306映射到容器外的3306上
6. –privileged：为容器提供权限
7. -e：设置镜像参数
  1. MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD：设置root用户的密码
此时，在容器内部已经初始化好了MySQL了，但是一般来说，我们需要把MySQL的配置文件和datadir挂在到docker外部，所以我们还需要后面的步骤

创建config和data目录

mkdir -p /Users/xxx/docker/data/mysql8.0.34/{config,data}

切换到config目录

cd /Users/xxx/docker/data/mysql8.0.34/config

把config文件从镜像内部复制出来
```
docker cp mysql8.0.34:/etc/my.cnf ./
```

确认config文件cat my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
secure-file-priv=/var/lib/mysql-files
user=mysql
# 忽略表名大小写
lower_case_table_names=1pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
[client]
socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

停掉并删除之前启动的MySQL镜像

docker stop mysql8.0.34
docker rm mysql8.0.34

重启MySQL

docker run -itd --name mysql8.0.34 -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true --restart=always -v /Users/xxx/docker/data/mysql8.0.34/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /Users/xxx/docker/data/mysql8.0.34/config/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root mysql:8.0.34