1. 认识Redux Toolkit
Redux Toolkit 是官方推荐的编写 Redux 逻辑的方法。
通过传统的redux编写逻辑方式,会造成文件分离过多,逻辑抽离过于繁琐(具体可看上篇文章 Redux详解一),React官方为解决这一问题,推荐使用Redux Toolkit第三方包将redux逻辑聚合到一个文件中实现,解决上面的问题, Redux Toolkit 也成为 “RTK”。
npm install @reduxjs/toolkit
Redux Toolkit的核心API主要是如下几个:
- configureStore: 包装createStore以提供简化的配置选项和良好的默认值。它可以自动组合你的 slice reducer,添加你提供的任何 Redux 中间件,redux-thunk默认包含,并启用 Redux DevTools Extension。
- createSlice: 接受 reducer 函数的对象、切片名称和初始状态值,并自动生成切片 reducer ,并带有相应的 actions 。
- createAsyncThunk:接受一个动作类型字符串和一个返回承诺的函数,并生成一个pending/fulfilled/rejected基于该承诺分派动作类型的 thunk,相当于对异步操作的reducer处理,例如网络请求。
2. createSlice的使用
createSlice 主要包含如下几个参数:
- name:用户标记slice的名词;
- initialState :初始化;
- reducers :相当于之前的reducer函数;
const categorySlice = createSlice({name: "category",initialState: {category: "hello world",banners: [],recommends: []},reducers: {changeCategory(state, action) {state.category = action.payload}} })export const { changeCategory } = categorySlice.actionsexport default categorySlice.reducer
3. store的创建
configureStore 用于创建store对象,常见参数如下:
- reducer,将slice中的reducer可以组成一个对象传入此处;
- middleware :可以使用参数,传入其他的中间件;
- devTools :是否配置devTools工具,默认为true;
import { configureStore } from "@reduxjs/toolkit"import counterReducer from './features/counter'
import homeReducer from './features/home'
import userInfoReducer from './features/userInfo'
import categoryReducer from './features/category/category'// react-toolkit工具包使用方式
const store = configureStore({reducer: {counter: counterReducer,home: homeReducer,userInfo: userInfoReducer,category: categoryReducer}
})export default store
4. Redux Toolkit的异步操作
以往对于redux中的异步操作,通过redux-thunk中间件让dispatch中可以进行异步操作。
Redux Toolkit默认已经给我们继承了Thunk相关的功能:createAsyncThunk
例如:
import { createSlice, createAsyncThunk } from "@reduxjs/toolkit"
import axios from "axios"export const fetchHomeMultidataActions = createAsyncThunk("fetch/homeMultidata", async () => {const res = await axios.get('http://123.207.32.32:8000/home/multidata')return res.data
})
当createAsyncThunk创建出来的action被dispatch时,会存在三种状态:
- pending:action被发出,但是还没有最终的结果;
- fulfilled :获取到最终的结果(有返回值的结果);
- rejected :执行过程中有错误或者抛出了异常;
类似于promise, 参考promise的执行状态
Redux Toolkit在createSlice中通过extraReducer参数可以监听这些状态的过程:
import { createSlice, createAsyncThunk } from "@reduxjs/toolkit"
import axios from "axios"export const fetchHomeMultidataActions = createAsyncThunk("fetch/homeMultidata", async () => {const res = await axios.get('http://123.207.32.32:8000/home/multidata')return res.data
})const categorySlice = createSlice({name: "category",initialState: {category: "hello world",banners: [],recommends: []},reducers: {changeCategory(state, action) {state.category = action.payload}},extraReducers: {[fetchHomeMultidataActions.pending](state, action) {console.log("pending");},[fetchHomeMultidataActions.fulfilled](state, {payload}) {state.banners = payload.data.banner.liststate.recommends = payload.data.recommend.list},[fetchHomeMultidataActions.rejected](state, action) {console.log("rejected");}}
})export const { changeCategory } = categorySlice.actionsexport default categorySlice.reducer
extraReducer还有另外一种写法:链式调用
5. redux Toolkit在react的运用
通过Redux Toolkit创建store,对于store的数据使用,与传统的store数据获取方式一样,Redux Toolkit只是在store的初始化与逻辑编写进行了封装。
category.jsx
import React, { PureComponent } from 'react'
// import { fetchHomeMultidataActions} from '../../store/features/home'
import { changeCategory, fetchHomeMultidataActions } from '../../store/features/category/category'
import { connect } from 'react-redux'export class Category extends PureComponent {componentDidMount() {// 抽离axios到reduxthis.props.fetchHomeMultidata()}changeCategoryName(name) {this.props.changeCategory(name)}render() {const { userInfo, category, banners, recommends } = this.propsreturn (<div>Category:<h2>userInfo: name: {userInfo.name} age: {userInfo.age}</h2><h2>category: name: {category}</h2><button onClick={ e => this.changeCategoryName('你好 世界')}>修改</button><div><h2>banners数据:</h2><ul>{banners.map((item, index) => {return <li key={index}>{item.title}</li>})}</ul></div><div><h2>recommends数据:</h2><ul>{recommends.map((item, index) => {return <li key={index}>{item.title}</li>})}</ul></div></div>)}
}const mapStateToProps = (state) => ({userInfo: state.userInfo.userInfo,category: state.category.category,banners: state.category.banners,recommends: state.category.recommends
})const mapDispatchToProps = (dispatch) => ({// changeBanners(banners) {// dispatch(changeBannersActions(banners))// },// changeRecommends(recommends) {// dispatch(changeRecommendsActions(recommends))// }fetchHomeMultidata() {dispatch(fetchHomeMultidataActions())},changeCategory(name) {dispatch(changeCategory(name))}
})export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(Category)