Java实现机考程序界面

机考界面如下（单选题），上方是题目状态，下方是题目，1/5/1是已做题目数量、总共题目数量和答对题目数量。

再看一下多选题的界面。

判断题的界面。

回答正确时的反馈，会给出用时。

回答错误时的反馈，会显示正确答案和用时。

作答结束时会给出总成绩。

Question.java 题库

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;class SingleChoice {public String question, optionA, optionB, optionC, optionD, correctAnswer;public SingleChoice(String question, String optionA, String optionB, String optionC, String optionD, String correctAnswer) {this.question = question;this.optionA = optionA;this.optionB = optionB;this.optionC = optionC;this.optionD = optionD;this.correctAnswer = correctAnswer;}
}class MultipleChoice {public String question, optionA, optionB, optionC, optionD, correctAnswer;public MultipleChoice(String question, String optionA, String optionB, String optionC, String optionD, String correctAnswer) {this.question = question;this.optionA = optionA;this.optionB = optionB;this.optionC = optionC;this.optionD = optionD;this.correctAnswer = correctAnswer;}
}class TrueOrFalse {public String question;public boolean correctAnswer;public TrueOrFalse(String question, boolean correctAnswer) {this.question = question;this.correctAnswer = correctAnswer;}
}public class Questions {public List<SingleChoice> singleChoices = new ArrayList<>();public List<MultipleChoice> multipleChoices = new ArrayList<>();public List<TrueOrFalse> trueOrFalse = new ArrayList<>();public Questions() {// 添加单选题singleChoices.add(new SingleChoice("Java中，下列哪个关键字用于声明一个类？", "A. int", "B. float", "C. class", "D. void", "C"));singleChoices.add(new SingleChoice("什么是面向对象编程的基本特征之一？", "A. 继承", "B. 多态", "C. 封装", "D. 以上皆是", "D"));singleChoices.add(new SingleChoice("在Java中，如何通过继承实现类之间的关系？", "A. extends关键字", "B. implements关键字", "C. super关键字", "D. this关键字", "A"));singleChoices.add(new SingleChoice("以下哪个关键字用于在Java中创建接口？", "A. interface", "B. class", "C. abstract", "D. extends", "A"));singleChoices.add(new SingleChoice("在Java中，下列哪个关键字用于控制程序的执行流程？", "A. if", "B. else", "C. switch", "D. for", "C"));singleChoices.add(new SingleChoice("在Java中，下列哪个关键字用于声明一个常量？", "A. const", "B. final", "C. static", "D. var", "B"));singleChoices.add(new SingleChoice("以下哪个不是Java的基本数据类型？", "A. int", "B. boolean", "C. double", "D. string", "D"));singleChoices.add(new SingleChoice("在Java中，哪个关键字用于创建一个新的对象？", "A. new", "B. create", "C. make", "D. build", "A"));singleChoices.add(new SingleChoice("以下哪个选项可以用于创建多线程？", "A. 哈希", "B. Thread类", "C. Main方法", "D. ArrayList类", "B"));singleChoices.add(new SingleChoice("以下哪个关键字可以用于定义抽象类？", "A. abstract", "B. interface", "C. static", "D. final", "A"));// 添加多选题multipleChoices.add(new MultipleChoice("下列哪些选项是Java的基本数据类型？", "A. boolean", "B. string", "C. integer", "D. double", "AD"));multipleChoices.add(new MultipleChoice("下列哪些选项是Java中的流控制语句？", "A. if-else", "B. for", "C. while", "D. function", "ABC"));multipleChoices.add(new MultipleChoice("下列哪些选项是Java中的包装类？", "A. Integer", "B. Float", "C. Long", "D. Char", "ABC"));multipleChoices.add(new MultipleChoice("下列哪些选项是Java中的集合类？", "A. ArrayList", "B. LinkedList", "C. HashSet", "D. Map", "ABCD"));multipleChoices.add(new MultipleChoice("下列哪些选项是Java中的线程状态？", "A. NEW", "B. RUNNING", "C. WAITING", "D. DEAD", "ABCD"));multipleChoices.add(new MultipleChoice("下列哪些选项是Java中的线程同步方法？", "A. wait()", "B. notify()", "C. synchronized()", "D. interrupt()", "ABC"));multipleChoices.add(new MultipleChoice("下列哪些选项是Java中的异常类型？", "A. Checked Exception", "B. Unchecked Exception", "C. Error", "D. Throwable", "ABCD"));multipleChoices.add(new MultipleChoice("下列哪些选项是Java中的注解类型？", "A. @Override", "B. @Deprecated", "C. @SuppressWarnings", "D. @Inject", "ABCD"));multipleChoices.add(new MultipleChoice("下列哪些选项是Java中的IO流类型？", "A. FileInputStream", "B. InputStreamReader", "C. OutputStream", "D. Socket", "ABCD"));multipleChoices.add(new MultipleChoice("下列哪些选项是Java中的网络通信协议？", "A. TCP", "B. UDP", "C. FTP", "D. HTTP", "ABCD"));//添加判断题trueOrFalse.add(new TrueOrFalse("Java是一种面向对象的编程语言", true));trueOrFalse.add(new TrueOrFalse("Java中的final关键字用于标识一个类不可被继承", true));trueOrFalse.add(new TrueOrFalse("Java中的String是基本数据类型", false));trueOrFalse.add(new TrueOrFalse("Java中的数组长度可以动态改变", false));trueOrFalse.add(new TrueOrFalse("Java中的interface可以实现多重继承", true));trueOrFalse.add(new TrueOrFalse("Java中的double类型比float类型精度更高", true));trueOrFalse.add(new TrueOrFalse("Java中的HashMap是线程安全的", false));trueOrFalse.add(new TrueOrFalse("Java中的try块必须和catch或finally块配合使用", true));trueOrFalse.add(new TrueOrFalse("Java中的抽象类可以有构造方法", true));trueOrFalse.add(new TrueOrFalse("Java中的静态方法可以被子类重写", false));}
}

JavaExam.java 主界面

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;public class JavaExam extends JFrame {private final JLabel labelQuestion;private final JRadioButton radioButtonA, radioButtonB, radioButtonC, radioButtonD;private final JCheckBox checkBoxA, checkBoxB, checkBoxC, checkBoxD;private final ButtonGroup buttonGroup;private final JButton buttonSubmit;private final JLabel labelSingleChoiceNum, labelMultipleChoiceNum, labelTrueOrFalseNum, labelScore, labelTime;private int singleChoiceCount = 0, multipleChoiceCount = 0, trueOrFalseCount = 0;private int singleChoiceCorrectCount = 0, multipleChoiceCorrectCount = 0, trueOrFalseCorrectCount = 0;private int score = 0, seconds = 0, questionIndex = 0;private boolean isSingleChoice, isMultipleChoice, isTrueOrFalse, submit = false;private final List<SingleChoice> singleChoices;private final List<MultipleChoice> multipleChoices;private final List<TrueOrFalse> trueOrFalse;private final Timer timer;private final JPanel panelQuestion = new JPanel();class GiveQuestion implements Runnable {@Overridepublic void run() {Collections.shuffle(singleChoices);Collections.shuffle(multipleChoices);Collections.shuffle(trueOrFalse);while (questionIndex < 15) {submit = false;if (questionIndex % 3 == 0) {isSingleChoice = true;showSingleChoiceQuestion(singleChoices.get(singleChoiceCount));singleChoiceCount++;} else if (questionIndex % 3 == 1) {isMultipleChoice = true;showMultipleChoiceQuestion(multipleChoices.get(multipleChoiceCount));multipleChoiceCount++;} else {isTrueOrFalse = true;showTrueOrFalseQuestion(trueOrFalse.get(trueOrFalseCount));trueOrFalseCount++;}timer.start();while (!submit) {}questionIndex++;}endExam();}}public JavaExam() {super("Java机考 By YeMaolin");singleChoices = new Questions().singleChoices;multipleChoices = new Questions().multipleChoices;trueOrFalse = new Questions().trueOrFalse;setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);setSize(400, 250);setLocationRelativeTo(null);setLayout(new BorderLayout());panelQuestion.setLayout(new GridLayout(5,1));panelQuestion.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(0,15,0,0)); // 设置组件的外边距labelQuestion = new JLabel("", SwingConstants.CENTER);radioButtonA = new JRadioButton("A");radioButtonB = new JRadioButton("B");radioButtonC = new JRadioButton("C");radioButtonD = new JRadioButton("D");checkBoxA = new JCheckBox("A");checkBoxB = new JCheckBox("B");checkBoxC = new JCheckBox("C");checkBoxD = new JCheckBox("D");buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();buttonGroup.add(radioButtonA);buttonGroup.add(radioButtonB);buttonGroup.add(radioButtonC);buttonGroup.add(radioButtonD);JPanel panelInfo = new JPanel();labelSingleChoiceNum = new JLabel("单选题：0/5/0", SwingConstants.CENTER);labelMultipleChoiceNum = new JLabel("多选题：0/5/0", SwingConstants.CENTER);labelTrueOrFalseNum = new JLabel("判断题：0/5/0", SwingConstants.CENTER);labelScore = new JLabel("成绩：0分", SwingConstants.CENTER);labelTime = new JLabel("用时：0秒", SwingConstants.CENTER);panelInfo.add(labelSingleChoiceNum);panelInfo.add(labelMultipleChoiceNum);panelInfo.add(labelTrueOrFalseNum);panelInfo.add(labelScore);panelInfo.add(labelTime);add(panelInfo,BorderLayout.NORTH);add(panelQuestion,BorderLayout.WEST);setVisible(true);buttonSubmit = new JButton("提交");add(buttonSubmit,BorderLayout.SOUTH);buttonSubmit.addActionListener(e -> submitAnswer());timer = new Timer(1000, e -> {seconds++;labelTime.setText("用时：" + seconds + "秒");if (seconds >= 20) {submitAnswer();}});Thread giveQuestion = new Thread(new GiveQuestion());giveQuestion.start();}private void endExam() {timer.stop();JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "考试结束，您的成绩是" + score + "分！");System.exit(0);}private void showSingleChoiceQuestion(SingleChoice singleChoice) {panelQuestion.removeAll();labelQuestion.setText(questionIndex + 1 + "/15[单选题]" + singleChoice.question);radioButtonA.setText(singleChoice.optionA);radioButtonB.setText(singleChoice.optionB);radioButtonC.setText(singleChoice.optionC);radioButtonD.setText(singleChoice.optionD);panelQuestion.add(labelQuestion);panelQuestion.add(radioButtonA);panelQuestion.add(radioButtonB);panelQuestion.add(radioButtonC);panelQuestion.add(radioButtonD);}private void showMultipleChoiceQuestion(MultipleChoice multipleChoice) {panelQuestion.removeAll();labelQuestion.setText(questionIndex + 1 + "/15[多选题]" + multipleChoice.question);checkBoxA.setText(multipleChoice.optionA);checkBoxB.setText(multipleChoice.optionB);checkBoxC.setText(multipleChoice.optionC);checkBoxD.setText(multipleChoice.optionD);panelQuestion.add(labelQuestion);panelQuestion.add(checkBoxA);panelQuestion.add(checkBoxB);panelQuestion.add(checkBoxC);panelQuestion.add(checkBoxD);}private void showTrueOrFalseQuestion(TrueOrFalse trueOrFalse) {panelQuestion.removeAll();labelQuestion.setText(questionIndex + 1 + "/15[判断题]" + trueOrFalse.question);radioButtonA.setText("正确");radioButtonB.setText("错误");panelQuestion.add(labelQuestion);panelQuestion.add(radioButtonA);panelQuestion.add(radioButtonB);}private void submitAnswer() {timer.stop();String correctAnswer = "";boolean right = false;if (isSingleChoice) {String userAnswer = "";correctAnswer = singleChoices.get(singleChoiceCount - 1).correctAnswer;if (radioButtonA.isSelected()) {userAnswer = "A";} else if (radioButtonB.isSelected()) {userAnswer = "B";} else if (radioButtonC.isSelected()) {userAnswer = "C";} else if(radioButtonD.isSelected()) {userAnswer = "D";}if (userAnswer.equals(correctAnswer)) {singleChoiceCorrectCount++;score++;right = true;}}else if (isMultipleChoice) {correctAnswer = multipleChoices.get(multipleChoiceCount - 1).correctAnswer;String userAnswer = "";if (checkBoxA.isSelected()) {userAnswer += "A";}if (checkBoxB.isSelected()) {userAnswer += "B";}if (checkBoxC.isSelected()) {userAnswer += "C";}if (checkBoxD.isSelected()) {userAnswer += "D";}if (correctAnswer.equalsIgnoreCase(userAnswer)) {multipleChoiceCorrectCount++;score += 2;right = true;}}else if (isTrueOrFalse) {boolean correct = trueOrFalse.get(trueOrFalseCount - 1).correctAnswer;correctAnswer = String.valueOf(correct);if (radioButtonA.isSelected()&&correct||radioButtonB.isSelected()&&!correct) {trueOrFalseCorrectCount++;score++;right = true;}}if (right)JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "回答正确，用时" + seconds + "秒");else JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "回答错误，正确答案是 " + correctAnswer + "\n用时" + seconds + "秒");update();submit = true;}private void update() {labelScore.setText("成绩：" + score + "分");labelSingleChoiceNum.setText("单选题：" + singleChoiceCount + "/5/" + singleChoiceCorrectCount);labelMultipleChoiceNum.setText("多选题：" + multipleChoiceCount + "/5/" + multipleChoiceCorrectCount);labelTrueOrFalseNum.setText("判断题：" + trueOrFalseCount + "/5/" + trueOrFalseCorrectCount);buttonGroup.clearSelection();checkBoxA.setSelected(false);checkBoxB.setSelected(false);checkBoxC.setSelected(false);checkBoxD.setSelected(false);radioButtonA.setSelected(false);radioButtonB.setSelected(false);radioButtonC.setSelected(false);radioButtonD.setSelected(false);seconds = 0;isSingleChoice = isMultipleChoice = isTrueOrFalse = false;}public static void main(String[] args) {SwingUtilities.invokeLater(JavaExam::new);}
}

首先最主要的功能就是展示题目，我们先设计出三种题目类型的结构，然后建立起题库。首先是单选题，定义一个单选题类，题目内容和四个选项以及正确答案都用字符串来表示，并为之设置一个带参构造函数。