分享一次很久以前的Oracle rac项目实施。
1、拓扑结构
基础环境是2台H3C的服务器+2台3PAR的双活存储,操作系统centos7.2。借用下别人家的拓扑先(这是一套典型的RAC架构)。
2、网卡TEAM操作
以eno51和en052组成Team1组为示例:
nmcli con add type team con-nameteam1 ifname team1 config '{"runner": {"name":"activebackup"}}'
nmcli con mod team1 ipv4.addresses'192.168.1.1/24'
nmcli con mod team1 ipv4.methodmanual
nmcli con add type team-slavecon-name team1-port1 ifname eno51 master team1
nmcli con add type team-slavecon-name team1-port2 ifname eno52 master team1
teamdctl team1 state(查看状态)
配置完成后,修改其它网卡的启动模式从原来的dhcp改为none
3、修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <主机名>
hostnamectl status进行查看
4、配置yum源
使用本地源有两个方法
(1)挂载光驱
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
(2)如果没有光驱则用以下方法,挂载系统安装盘的ISO文件
需要先把安装ISO文件rhel-server-7.2-x86_64-dvd.iso上传到指定目录,并在目录下执行
mount -o loop rhel-server-7.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt
创建配置文件cat /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[rhel]
name=rhel
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
baseurl=file:///mnt
5、安装系统包
yum install -yelfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64
yum install -ycompat-libstdc++-33.x86_64
yum install -y compat-libcap1.x86_64
yum install -y gcc.x86_64
yum install -y gcc-c++.x86_64
yum install -y glibc.i686
yum install -y glibc-devel.i686
yum install -y glibc-devel.x86_64
yum install -y ksh-*.x86_64
yum install -y libaio.i686
yum install -y libaio-devel.i686
yum install -y libaio-devel.x86_64
yum install -y smartmontools
yum install -y libgcc.i686
yum install -y libstdc++.i686
yum install -y libstdc++-devel.i686
yum install -y libstdc++-devel.x86_64
yum install -y libXi.i686
yum install -y libXi.x86_64
yum install -y libXtst.i686
yum install -y libXtst.x86_64
yum install -y sysstat.x86_64
yum install xorg-x11-xauth
yum install -y xterm
yum install -y ntpdate
yum install -y device-mapper-multipath
以下安装包需要手动安
rpm -ivhcompat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -e ksh-20120801-22.el7_1.2.x86_64
rpm -ivhpdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
6、修改HOSTS
10.10.17.1 dyckrac1
10.10.17.2 dyckrac2
10.10.17.3 dyckrac1-vip
10.10.17.4 dyckrac2-vip
10.10.17.5 dyck-scan
192.168.1.1 dyckrac1-priv
192.168.1.2 dyckrac2-priv
7、创建用户
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 507 asmoper
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 501 -g oinstall-G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid -m grid
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall-G dba,asmdba -d /home/oracle -m oracle
echo oracle|passwd--stdin oracle
echo grid|passwd --stdin grid
8、修改用户环境变量
使用su - oracle命令切换到ORACLE用户下
编辑文件 ~/.bash_profile 增加如下内容(实例名按实际填写,分别修改两个节点
export ORACLE_SID=orcl1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
exportPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
使用su - grid命令切换到ORACLE用户下
编辑文件 ~/.bash_profile 增加如下内容(实例名按实际填写,分别修改两个节点)
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_BASE=/g01/app/grid
exportORACLE_HOME=/g01/app/11.2.0/grid
exportPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
9、配置GRID用户及ORACLE用户SSH互信
以GRID用户为例,
./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "dyckrac1 dyckrac2" -advanced -noPromptPassphrase
10、关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service&& sudo systemctl disable firewalld.service
11、关闭SELINUX
sed -i -e "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g"/etc/selinux/config
12、修改limits限制
修改配置文件cat /etc/security/limits.conf
grid soft nproc 16384
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 65536
grid hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
13、修改内核参数
修改文件/etc/sysctl.conf,增加如下内容:
共享内存段按自己的实际内存修改,我这里分享个脚本来自动计算
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
echo "#oracle" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "vm.swappiness = 10" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax= $(free|grep Mem |awk '{print int($2*1024*0.85)}')" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = $(free|grep Mem |awk '{print int(($2*1024*0.85)/4096)}')" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "vm.nr_hugepages = $(free -m|grep Mem |awk '{print int(($2*0.8*0.8)/2)}')" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
free -m
sysctl -p
14、禁用Transparent HugePages(不禁用导致ORACLE性能问题)
[root@rac1 ~]# cat/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[always] madvise never //现在为启用
[root@rac1 ~]# cd /etc/default/
[root@rac1 default]#cp grub grub.bak
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's,release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=autord.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
此处有差异
On BIOS-based machines(安装系统时使用传统 BIOS的改法):
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
On UEFI-based machines(安装系统时使用UEFI-BIOS时的改法):
grub2-mkconfig -o/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg
执行输入如下,执行完毕后重启
configuration file ...
Found linux image:/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image:/boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image:/boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-a6225ccf9497470bb6051d6392773fc9
Found initrd image:/boot/initramfs-0-rescue-a6225ccf9497470bb6051d6392773fc9.img
done
[root@rac1 default]# reboot
重启后 再查看
[root@rac1 ~]# cat/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
always madvise [never] //现在为关闭
15、禁用avahi-daemon
systemctl stopavahi-daemon
systemctldisable avahi-daemon
systemctlstatus avahi-daemon
16、设置RemoveIPC=false(避免导致ASM实例CRASH)
# vi /etc/systemd/logind.conf
RemoveIPC=no
重启systemd-logind服务或重启主机
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart systemd-logind
设置原因请参考官方:ALERT: Setting RemoveIPC=yes on Redhat 7.2 Crashes ASM and DatabaseInstances as Well as Any Application That Uses a Shared Memory Segment (SHM) orSemaphores (SEM) (文档 ID 2081410.1)
17、配置多路径磁盘
使用/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/sda查出系统盘的WWID,关在MULTIAPTHD配置里把此ID列到屏蔽列表中
在两个节点启用multipathd并设置开机启动
systemctl enable multipathd
mpathconf --enable
然后修改配置文件如下(此配置文件适合3PAR存储使用multipath的环境)
LINUX自带的multipath配置文件在/etc/multipath.conf
defaults {
polling_interval 10
user_friendly_names no
find_multipaths yes
path_checker tur}
blacklist {wwid 3600508b1001c5b05f73bd869031e78f5
devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"
devnode "^hd[a-z]"}
multipaths {
multipath {wwid360002ac000000000000000030001f3c6aliasocrvote2}
multipath {wwid 360002ac000000000000000020001f3c6aliasocrvote1}
multipath {wwid 360002ac000000000000000040001f3c6aliasocrvote3}
multipath {wwid360002ac000000000000000050001f3c6 aliasasmdata01} multipath {wwid 360002ac000000000000000060001f3c6alias asmdata02}multipath {wwid 360002ac000000000000000070001f3c6alias asmdata03}
multipath {wwid 360002ac000000000000000080001f3c6 alias asmdata04}
multipath {wwid 360002ac000000000000000090001f3c6alias asmdata05}multipath {wwid 360002ac0000000000000000a0001f3c6 alias asmdata06
}multipath {wwid 360002ac0000000000000000b0001f3c6alias asmdata07}
multipath {wwid 360002ac0000000000000000c0001f3c6alias asmdata08}
multipath {wwid 360002ac0000000000000000d0001f3c6 alias asmdata09}multipath {wwid 360002ac0000000000000000e0001f3c6 alias asmdata10}
multipath {wwid 360002ac0000000000000000f0001f3c6 alias asmdata11
}multipath {wwid 360002ac000000000000000100001f3c6 alias asmdata12
}
}
devices {
device {
vendor "3PARdata"
product "VV"
path_grouping_policy group_by_prio
path_selector "round-robin 0"
path_checker tur
features "0"
hardware_handler "1 alua"
prio alua
failback immediate
rr_weight uniform
no_path_retry 18
rr_min_io_rq 1
detect_prio yes
# fast_io_fail_tmo 10
# dev_loss_tmo 14
}}
修改完成后执行service multipathd reload
18、绑定磁盘UDEV权限
创建文件/etc/udev/rules.d/12-mulitpath-privs.rules,内容如下
ENV{DM_NAME}=="ocrvote*",OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="asmadmin", MODE:="660"
ENV{DM_NAME}=="asmdata*",OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="asmadmin", MODE:="660"
19、安装目录附权限
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chown -R grid:oinstall /g01
20、安装GI软件
使用ROOT用户拷贝软件包到/tmp目录解压,安装GI
1、解压grid软件
unzip -qp13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
2、对grid软件打补丁19404309
unzip -q p19404309_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
cd b19404309
export ORA_SHIPS=/tmp/soft
cp grid/cvu_prereq.xml$ORA_SHIPS/grid/stage/cvu
安装单节点。安装完成后按要求以root用户执行root.sh
然后升级OPatch。用最新OPatch替换$ORACLE_HOME目录下OPatch目录即可。
安装补丁18370031
解压补丁
使用GRID用户执行$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/ocm/bin/emocmrsp生成ocm.rsp文件
使用grid用户进入到补丁包目录
cd /tmp/soft/18370031
然后执行以下命令升级
opatch apply -oh $ORACLE_HOME -ocmrf $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/ocm/bin/ocm.rsp
拷贝GRID软件到2节点
在1节点,以GRID用户身份执行
cd /g01
scp -r app grid@dyckrac2:/g01
拷贝完成后,以root用户执行以下脚本
/g01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/g01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
克隆ORACLE_HOME目录
在1节点执行
cd/g01/app/oraInventory
rm-rf *
su-grid
cd$ORACLE_HOME/clone/bin
#下面的是一条命令
perlclone.pl -silent -debug ORACLE_BASE=/g01/app/gridORACLE_HOME=/g01/app/11.2.0/grid ORACLE_HOME_NAME=Ora11g_gridinfrahome1 INVENTORY_LOCATION=/g01/app/oraInventoryOSDBA_GROUP=oinstall OSOPER_GROUP=dba -O'"CLUSTER_NODES={dyckrac1,dyckrac2}"' -O'"LOCAL_NODE=dyckrac1"' CRS=TRUE -ignoreSysPrereqs
等待执行成功,去2节点执行
在2节点执行
cd/g01/app/oraInventory
rm-rf *
su-grid
cd$ORACLE_HOME/clone/bin
#下面的是一条命令
perlclone.pl -silent -debug ORACLE_BASE=/g01/app/gridORACLE_HOME=/g01/app/11.2.0/grid ORACLE_HOME_NAME=Ora11g_gridinfrahome1 INVENTORY_LOCATION=/g01/app/oraInventoryOSDBA_GROUP=oinstall OSOPER_GROUP=dba-O'"CLUSTER_NODES={dyckrac1,dyckrac2}"' -O'"LOCAL_NODE=dyckrac2"' CRS=TRUE-ignoreSysPrereqs
21、配置集群
以grid用户使用xstart登录到1节点执行
$ORACLE_HOME/crs/config/config.sh进行配置集群。
然后在1节点执行root.sh
成功后去2节点执行root.sh
最后的INS-20802报错忽略
查看集群状态正常则进行DB安装
安装DB
unzip -qp13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip -qp13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
对db软件打补丁19404309
unzip -q p19404309_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
cd /tmp/soft/b19404309
export ORA_SHIPS=/tmp/soft
cp database/cvu_prereq.xml$ORA_SHIPS/database/stage/cvu
然后以ORACLE用户登录XSTART执行DB集群安装
安装中途会报错
另开一个窗口,直接修改ins_emagent.mk文件
$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
#===========================
# emdctl
#===========================
$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)
修改为:
#===========================
# emdctl
#===========================
$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)-lnnz11
然后点击Retry继续安装