Finishing schools for the age of TikTok
Unsure how to be polite at work? Ask a digital etiquette guru
不确定如何在工作中保持礼貌?请教一位数字礼仪大师
“Finishing schools” 是指专门为年轻女性提供礼仪、社交技巧、文化修养等教育的学校,旨在帮助她们在社会上表现得得体和优雅。传统上,这些学校的课程内容包括礼仪、社交技巧、舞蹈、语言、艺术和其他与文化修养相关的知识。
在“Finishing schools for the age of TikTok”这句话中,意思是指这些传统的礼仪学校正在适应和更新,以符合当今以TikTok等社交媒体为代表的数字时代的需求。也就是说,现代的礼仪教育不仅包括传统的社交技巧,还融入了如何在社交媒体上展示自己、数字礼仪等内容,以应对当前社交平台上的新趋势和要求。
etiquette:美 [ˈetɪkət] 礼仪;礼节;规范;规矩;行为准则;
guru: 美 [ˈɡʊruː] 专家;权威
原文:
A CENTURY AGO, Emily Post made manners popular. Her bestselling book,
“Etiquette” (1922), framed the “fundamentals of good behaviour” as
fashionable rather than fusty; she offered practical advice (“when in doubt,
wear the plainer dress”) as well as dramatic warnings (a young lady
“unprotected by a chaperone” is like “an unarmed traveller walking alone
among wolves”).
一个世纪前,艾米丽·波斯特使礼仪流行起来。她的畅销书《礼仪》(1922)将“良好行为的基础”框定为时尚而非过时;她提供了实用的建议(“如果有疑问,就穿素装”)以及戏剧性的警告(“没有社交举止监护人保护的年轻女士就像是“一个手无寸铁的旅行者独自在狼群中行走”)。
学习:
fashionable: 美 [ˈfæʃnəbl] 时尚的;时髦的;流行的
fusty: 美 [ˈfəsti] 发霉味的;守旧的;过时的
chaperone: 美 [ˈʃæpəˌroʊn] 陪伴照看人员;未婚少女社交举止监督人;公众场合儿童照看人员
unarmed:未武装的;无武器的;赤手空拳的
traveller: 旅客;游客;旅行者;旅游者;
原文:
Readers were gripped. Post received thousands of letters a week. In 1950
Pageant, a magazine, named her the second-most powerful woman in
America. (Eleanor Roosevelt—at that point the chair of the UN commission
on human rights—topped the list.)
读者被吸引住了。《邮报》每周收到数千封信。1950年,一本名为《选美》的杂志称她为美国第二大最有权力的女性。(时任联合国人权委员会主席的埃莉诺·罗斯福名列榜首。)
学习:
gripped:美 [ɡrɪpt] 吸引;(grip的过去式和过去分词)
pageant:美 [ˈpædʒənt] 盛装的游行庆典;活动舞台场景;选美比赛
top the list:位居榜首
原文:
A century after Post’s magnum opus, people are again saying “yes please” to
politeness. A host of influencers offer etiquette lessons online, preaching on
posture and teaching table manners. #Etiquette posts on TikTok have been
viewed more than 5bn times. William Hanson, a British etiquette coach with
some 5m fans on Instagram and TikTok, leads The English Manner, an
“etiquette and protocol institute”. Sara Jane Ho, a Chinese instructor, has
taken niceties to Netflix. “Mind Your Manners”, a reality show, was
nominated for an Emmy award in 2023.
在波斯特的巨著发表一个世纪后,人们再次对礼貌说“是的,请”。许多有影响力的人在网上提供礼仪课程,宣讲姿势,教授餐桌礼仪。TikTok上的礼仪帖子已经被浏览了超过50亿次。英国礼仪教练威廉·汉森(William Hanson)在Instagram和TikTok上拥有约500万粉丝,他领导着英国礼仪学院(English Manner)。中国教师何佩嵘对网飞很友好。真人秀节目《注意你的举止》获得了2023年艾美奖提名。
学习:
magnum: 美 [ˈmæɡnəm] 大瓶;大容量瓶;大酒瓶
opus: 美 [ˈoʊpəs] 作品;作品集;艺术作品
magnum opus:杰作;巨著;鸿篇
politeness:优雅;有礼貌
a host of:大量;许多;很多;
influencers:有影响力的人,网红,大V
preaching:讲道;说教;说教的;(preach的现在分词)
table manners:餐桌礼仪
niceties:美 [ˈnaɪsɪtiz] 细节;(nicety的复数)
reality show:真人秀
原文:
People are looking for help at the office as well as at home. Influencers
cover topics such as how to start meetings (promptly) and advise on digital
faux pas, including how to leave a group chat (quietly). More than half of
American companies are enlisting experts to help employees hone their
professional personas, according to a survey of bosses. The Institut Villa
Pierrefeu—which claims to be the only traditional finishing school in
Europe that is still operating—used to teach debutantes proper deportment.
It now teaches managers how to run a department.
人们不仅在家里,也在办公室寻求帮助。影响者涵盖的主题包括如何开始会议(迅速)和对数字失礼提出建议,包括如何离开群聊(悄悄地)。根据一项对老板的调查,超过一半的美国公司正在招募专家来帮助员工磨练他们的职业形象。Pierrefeu别墅学院(Institut Villa Pierrefeu)自称是欧洲唯一一所仍在运营的传统精修学校,过去曾教授初入社交界的女性如何保持得体的举止。现在,它教管理者如何管理一个部门。
学习:
faux:美 [foʊ] 仿制的;假的;伪造的 注意发音
faux pas:美 [ˌfoʊ ˈpɑ] 令人难堪的行为;有失检点的行为
group chat:群聊
enlist:招聘;(使)入伍;征募;
hone:打磨
personas:美 [pəˈsəunəz] 人物角色;(persona的复数)
finishing school:精修学校
debutante:美 [ˈdɛbjəˌtɑnt] 社交圈中首次亮相的女子;初次亮相的女子
deportment:美 [dɪˈpɔːrtmənt] 举止;姿态;风度;行为
run a department:管理一个部门
原文:
Old institutions are adapting to 21st-century norms. Courses at the Institut
Villa Pierrefeu mix “modern conventions” with “time-honoured traditions”.
Debrett’s, a guide to Britain’s aristocracy, has updated its “A-Z of Modern
Manners” to include behaviours such as “manspreading” and “ghosting”.
Other books offer lessons in modern cordiality. Ms Ho recently published
her etiquette teachings. Mr Hanson’s guide to decorum will be published in
September.
旧机构正在适应21世纪的规范。Villa Pierrefeu学院的课程将“现代习俗”与“历史悠久的传统”结合在一起。英国贵族指南Debrett’s更新了它的“现代礼仪A-Z ”,增加了诸如“男人撒泼”和“鬼影”等行为。其他书籍提供了现代情意方面的课程。何女士最近出版了她的礼仪教学。汉森先生的礼仪指南将于9月出版。
学习:
time-honored:因古老而受尊重的;经久不衰的
aristocracy:美 [ˌærɪˈstɑːkrəsi] 贵族;贵族统治;贵族统治的国家 注意发音
cordiality:美 [kɔrˈdʒælətɪ] 热诚;诚挚
decorum: 美 [dɪˈkɔːrəm] 礼貌;得体;端庄;注意发音
“manspreading”和“ghosting”是现代行为中的两个术语,分别描述了特定的不礼貌行为:
-
Manspreading(大开腿):指在公共交通工具或其他公共场所,特别是男性,坐着时双腿大开,占用了旁边的座位空间,影响他人。
-
Ghosting(鬼影行为):指在一段关系中(不论是朋友关系还是恋爱关系)突然消失、断绝联系,不再回复信息或电话,完全不解释原因,让对方感到困惑和伤心。
这两个术语反映了当代社会中需要注意的礼仪和礼貌行为。
Modern cordiality:现代礼貌友好行为
“Modern cordiality”指的是现代的礼貌和友好行为。它涉及在当今社会中如何表现得得体、尊重他人,以及在各种社交场合中展示良好的礼仪和修养。这个概念包括理解和适应现代社会的礼仪规范,例如如何在社交媒体上互动、处理在线沟通、应对多样化的文化背景,以及在现代工作环境中保持专业和礼貌。现代礼仪强调适应性和尊重,结合传统礼节和当代社交礼仪,为人们提供了一种平衡传统和现代的行为准则。
原文:
This flurry of politesse comes at a time when most people think manners are
in decline. Some 85% of Americans believe society is less civil than it was a
decade ago, according to a recent survey; 90% of parents think youngsters
aged between six and 18 are disrespectful. Most blame social media and
peer pressure.
这种礼仪之风出现在大多数人认为礼仪正在衰落的时候。根据最近的一项调查,大约85%的美国人认为社会不如十年前文明;90%的父母认为6至18岁的青少年不尊重他人。大多数人归咎于社交媒体和同龄人的压力。
学习:
flurry: 美 [ˈflɜːri] 一小阵;一阵混乱;一系列事物
politesse: 美 [ˌpɑləˈtɛs] 礼貌;客气;礼节 注意发音
disrespectful:无礼的;不尊敬的;失礼的
原文:
As well as concerns about impertinence, interest in gentility has surged for
two reasons. The first is covid, which stopped folk interacting face-to-face.
People started worrying that their social skills were getting as much use as
their formal wear. Mr Hanson says attendance at his in-person sessions
increased by 60% after the pandemic. His clients tend to be between 25 and
45 years old, but those who came of age during covid are particularly self-
conscious. Big consulting firms such as KPMG have introduced soft-skills
training for pandemic-era graduates.
除了对无礼的担忧,对优雅的兴趣也因为两个原因而激增。第一个是冠状病毒肺炎,它停止了人们面对面的交流。人们开始担心他们的社交技能和他们的正装一样有用。汉森先生说,疫情之后,参加他的面对面会议的人数增加了60%。他的客户年龄一般在25至45岁之间,但那些在冠状病毒肺炎时期成年的人特别害羞。像毕马威这样的大型咨询公司已经为疫情时代的毕业生引入了软技能培训。
学习:
impertinence: 美 [ɪmˈpɚtnəns] 无礼;鲁莽;不恰当
gentility: 美 [dʒɛnˈtɪlədi] 上流社会地位;上流社会的举止;优雅出众;高雅的举止
formal wear:正装
in-person:亲身的;现场的
in-person sessions:现场会议
tend to be:趋于;往往是;倾向于
self-conscious:羞怯的;难为情的;不自在的;
原文:
The second reason is a confusion about what constitutes best practice in a
global, digital age. There are guides online to everything from
#emailetiquette to #selfieetiquette, #flyingetiquette to #airbnbetiquette.
Following experts such as Ms Ho, who says her viewers “know what to do
anywhere, with anyone, in any situation”, can seem like a sure-fire way to
avoid embarrassment. Finishing schools, which offer courses such as
“international etiquette” and the “European art of dining”, appeal to people
who want to socialise or do business in foreign cultures.
第二个原因是对什么是全球化数字时代的最佳实践的困惑。网上有各种各样的指南,从# emailetiquette到# selfie礼仪,#flyingetiquette到# Airbnb礼仪。像何女士这样的专家,她说她的观众“知道在任何地方、任何人、任何情况下该做什么”,这似乎是避免尴尬的一个万全之策。提供“国际礼仪”和“欧洲餐饮艺术”等课程的精修学校,对那些想在外国文化中社交或做生意的人很有吸引力。
学习:
confusion:美 [kənˈfjuːʒn] 困惑;不明确;混淆;
sure-fire:一定能成功的
a sure-fire way:万无一失的办法
do business:做生意;经商;经营;
原文:
Like all customs, what is deemed genteel is subject to change. Post knew
this, and criticised people who said the young were rude because they
followed less formal etiquette. Louise Mullaney, a sociolinguist, looks at
cordial language in “Polite”, a new book. People have long seen linguistic
shifts as a sign of crumbling civility, she notes, but they are a “natural and
inevitable process of language evolution”. An oft-cited example is the
phrase “if it please you”, which was popular in Shakespeare’s day. By the
time Post published “Etiquette” it had been shortened to “please”. Young
people now find it perfectly acceptable to type “pls” on mobile phones.
像所有的习俗一样,被认为有教养的东西是会改变的。波斯特知道这一点,并批评那些说年轻人粗鲁是因为他们遵循不太正式的礼仪的人。社会语言学家Louise Mullaney在新书《礼貌》中探讨了亲切的语言。她指出,人们长期以来一直将语言的变化视为文明崩溃的标志,但这是“语言进化的自然和不可避免的过程”。一个经常被引用的例子是在莎士比亚时代很流行的短语“如果你喜欢的话”。到《邮报》刊登“礼仪”的时候,它已经被简称为“请”。年轻人现在发现在手机上输入“pls”是完全可以接受的。
学习:
genteel: 美 [dʒenˈtiːl] 彬彬有礼的;优雅的
customs:美 [ˈkʌstəmz] 风俗;惯例;(custom的复数)
sociolinguist:社会语言学家
crumbling: 美 [ˈkrʌmblɪŋ] 破碎的;坍塌;(crumble的现在分词)
civility:美 [səˈvɪləti] 礼貌;彬彬有礼;文明;礼仪
oft-sided:常被提到的;经常引用的;常被引用的
原文:
Artificial intelligence (AI) will change politeness once more. McKinsey, a
consultancy, reckons soft skills will become only more important for
business leaders in an age when generative AI can do much of the analytical
heavy lifting. Good manners may become more appreciated.
人工智能(AI)将再次改变礼貌。咨询公司麦肯锡(McKinsey)认为,在一个生成式人工智能可以承担大部分分析重任的时代,软技能对商业领袖来说只会变得更加重要。良好的举止可能会变得更受赞赏。
学习:
lifting:这里的“lifting”指的是“承担或处理繁重的任务”。整句话的意思是,生成式人工智能可以完成许多复杂的分析工作,从而使得软技能(如良好的礼貌和沟通能力)在商业领导者中的重要性进一步提升。具体来说,“generative AI can do much of the analytical heavy lifting” 意思是“生成式人工智能可以完成许多繁重的分析工作”。
原文:
At the same time, AI could also make people ruder. Parents worry that
children who bark instructions at virtual assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa
are becoming terse. Google has tried to remedy this with its “pretty please”
feature, which prompts children to say “the magic word”.
同时,人工智能也能让人变得更粗鲁。家长们担心,对着亚马逊(Amazon)的Alexa等虚拟助手大喊大叫的孩子正变得越来越简短生硬。谷歌试图用它的“非常讨人喜欢”功能来补救这一点,该功能会提示孩子们说出“神奇的单词”。
学习:
terse:美 [tərs] 简要的;简洁的;简短生硬的
remedy: 美 [ˈremədi] 治疗;补救;缓解(症状);提供补偿
原文:
A growing field of research suggests polite prompts make AI models perform
better. A new study by researchers in China, Japan and Britain found that
rude requests cause chatbots to make things up and omit important bits of
information. AI mirrors human receptiveness to social etiquette, the
researchers think, because it is trained on massive amounts of data created
by people. (Excessive flattery, too, prompts mistakes in chatbots.) In the
digital world, as much as the physical one, it helps to mind your Ps and Qs. ■
越来越多的研究表明,礼貌的提示会让AI模型表现得更好。中国、日本和英国的研究人员进行的一项新研究发现,粗鲁的请求会导致聊天机器人编造一些东西,并忽略一些重要的信息。研究人员认为,人工智能反映了人类对社交礼仪的接受程度,因为它是在人们创造的大量数据上训练的。(过度的奉承也会导致聊天机器人出错。) 在数字世界里,和物理世界一样,留意你的ps和q也是有帮助的。■
学习:
receptiveness: 美 [rɪ’septɪvnəs] 感受性;接受能力
mirrors:反射;反映;(mirror的第三人称单数)
Ps and Qs:礼貌用语和行为
这里的“Ps and Qs”是一个英语习语,意指礼貌用语和行为。具体来说,“Ps"代表的是"please”(请)和"Qs"代表的是"thank you"(谢谢)。这个表达用来提醒人们在交流中要注意礼貌和细节。因此,在这段文字中,“it helps to mind your Ps and Qs” 的意思是“在数字世界中,与在现实世界中一样,注意礼貌和细节是有帮助的”。
后记
2024年7月6日21点59分于上海。