Selenium + Python 自动化测试14（发送报告）

我们的目标是：按照这一套资料学习下来，大家可以独立完成自动化测试的任务。

上一篇我们讨论了使用HTMLTestRunner 生成HTML报告的方法。

本篇文章我们接着讲生成HTML报告是否可以自动邮件发送出去，提高我们测试报告的及时性，方便性，避免自己手动操作发送。

1、SMTP介绍

SMTP: simple mail transfer protocol 简单邮件传输协议。是一组由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则。

python 的smtplib 模块提供一个很方便的路径用于发送电子邮件。它是对SMTP进行封装而来。我们可以SMTP对象的sendmail 来发送邮件。可以先使用help（）查看使用方式：

>>> from smtplib import SMTP

>>> help(SMTP)

connect(self, host='localhost', port=0, source_address=None)

| Connect to a host on a given port.

| If the hostname ends with a colon (`:') followed by a number, and

| there is no port specified, that suffix will be stripped off and the

| number interpreted as the port number to use.

| Note: This method is automatically invoked by __init__, if a host is

| specified during instantiation.

| Log in on an SMTP server that requires authentication.

| The arguments are:

| - user: The user name to authenticate with.

| - password: The password for the authentication.

| Keyword arguments:

| - initial_response_ok: Allow sending the RFC 4954 initial-response

| to the AUTH command, if the authentication methods supports it.

| If there has been no previous EHLO or HELO command this session, this

| method tries ESMTP EHLO first.

| This method will return normally if the authentication was successful.

| This method may raise the following exceptions:

| SMTPHeloError The server didn't reply properly to

| the helo greeting.

| SMTPAuthenticationError The server didn't accept the username/

| password combination.

| SMTPNotSupportedError The AUTH command is not supported by the

| server.

| SMTPException No suitable authentication method was

| found.

sendmail(self, from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=[], rcpt_options=[])

| This command performs an entire mail transaction.

| The arguments are:

| - from_addr : The address sending this mail.

| - to_addrs : A list of addresses to send this mail to. A bare

| string will be treated as a list with 1 address.

| - msg : The message to send.

| - mail_options : List of ESMTP options (such as 8bitmime) for the

| mail command.

| - rcpt_options : List of ESMTP options (such as DSN commands) for

| all the rcpt commands.

1)connect（host,port）

host：指定连接的邮箱服务器

port: 指定连接的邮箱服务器端口号

2）login（user，password）

登录邮箱的用户和密码

3）sendmail（from_addr,to_addr,msg...）

from_addr:邮件发送者地址

to_addr：邮件接受者邮箱

msg:发送的消息

2、发送报告到指定邮箱

1）编写执行侧用例集的代码

这部分参考之前的，我们上一节已经讨论过的：

#定义测试用例集的目录test_dir = './'report_dir = './report'  #测试报告地址discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir,pattern="test_*.py")#所有要执行的文件if __name__ == '__main__':now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")   #当前时间，格式是年月日时分秒file_name =  report_dir+ '/' + now + 'result.html'   #报告名称,加上当前时间避免重复fp = open(file_name,'wb')      #打开报告文件，读写权限runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title="Swag Labs 网站测试报告",description="用例测试情况：")#HTML报告设置runner.run(discover)  #执行测试案例fp.close()   #关闭报告文件

2、编写发送部分

编写对应的发送邮件的函数。

from email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.header import Header#定义发送邮件的函数def send_report_by_mail(file_name):f=open(file_name,'rb')  #打开文件report_body=f.read()f.close()msg=MIMEText(report_body,'html','utf-8') #内容msg['Subject']= Header('Swag Labs 网站测试报','utf-8')smtp = smtplib.SMTP()smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') #发送邮箱服务器smtp.login('用户名@163.com','密码')smtp.sendmail('用户名@163.com','接收邮件用户名@163.com',msg.as_string())smtp.quit()print("报告已通过邮件发送")#定义测试用例集的目录test_dir = './'report_dir = './report'  #测试报告地址discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir,pattern="test_*.py")#所有要执行的文件if __name__ == '__main__':now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")   #当前时间，格式是年月日时分秒file_name =  report_dir+ '/' + now + 'result.html'   #报告名称,加上当前时间避免重复fp = open(file_name,'wb')      #打开报告文件，读写权限runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title="Swag Labs 网站测试报告",description="用例测试情况：")#HTML报告设置runner.run(discover)  #执行测试案例fp.close()   #关闭报告文件send_report_by_mail(file_name)   #发送报告