【HarmonyOS】鸿蒙应用蓝牙功能实现 (三)
前言
今天整理蓝牙Demo代码,查看官网时发现自己帐号没有登录,竟然也可以访问最新的API文档,真是喜大奔普。看来华为已经开始对外开放最新的API文档,不再有白名单限制了。
HarmonyOS NEXTDeveloper Beta5
接下来讲解蓝牙配对流程。低功耗蓝牙BLE模式将在下面章节讲解。
蓝牙配对业务流程
1.设备进入可被发现模式:
首先,设备需要进入可被发现模式,这样周围的蓝牙设备才能识别到它。一方设备(如手机)会主动搜索附近的蓝牙设备,并列出所有可用的配对选项。
2.选择并触发配对请求:
用户从列表中选择想要连接的设备,并触发配对请求。此时,双方设备会交换一系列的身份验证信息,以确保彼此的身份安全无误。在这个过程中,可能会要求用户输入配对码(如PIN码)或在设备上确认配对请求。
3.身份验证和加密:
一旦身份验证通过,设备间就会建立安全的连接通道,这一过程称为“配对成功”。配对完成后,设备之间的连接就建立了,它们可以开始传输数据。
4.数据传输:
设备间通过蓝牙进行数据传输,可以传输音频、文件等多种类型的数据。
5.断开连接:
当数据传输完成后,蓝牙设备可以断开连接。断开连接的操作可以通过设备上的按钮或者软件来实现。
蓝牙配对通常是一次性的,即一旦设备成功配对,它们会在后续的连接中自动识别并连接,无需再次进行配对过程(除非设备被重置或用户手动取消配对)
以下是传统的蓝牙配对流程图仅供参考:
常规蓝牙配对Demo
Demo包括以下内容:
1.蓝牙权限开启
2.蓝牙开启/关闭
3.蓝牙扫描开启/关闭
4.蓝牙配对
5.蓝牙code协议确认
蓝牙UI交互类
import { access } from '@kit.ConnectivityKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
import { BlueToothMgr } from '../manager/BlueToothMgr';
import { abilityAccessCtrl, common } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { connection } from '@kit.ConnectivityKit';
import { map } from '@kit.ConnectivityKit';
import { pbap } from '@kit.ConnectivityKit';
import { HashMap } from '@kit.ArkTS';
import { DeviceInfo } from '../info/DeviceInfo';
import { promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI';
struct Index {private TAG: string = "BlueToothTest";// 扫描状态定时器private mNumInterval: number = -1;// 当前设备蓝牙名 mCurrentDeviceName: string = "";// 蓝牙状态 ('onChangeBlueTooth') isStartBlueTooth: boolean = false;// 蓝牙扫描状态 ('onChangeBlueTooth') isStartScan: boolean = false;// 当前蓝牙权限 userGrant: boolean = false;// 扫描到设备名 mMapDevice: HashMap<string, DeviceInfo> = new HashMap();// ui展现的设备列表 mListDeviceInfo: Array<DeviceInfo> = new Array();async aboutToAppear() {await this.requestBlueToothPermission();let state = access.getState();console.log(this.TAG, "getState state: " + state);if(state == 2){this.isStartBlueTooth = true;console.log(this.TAG, "getState isStartBlueTooth: " + this.isStartBlueTooth);}else{this.isStartBlueTooth = false;console.log(this.TAG, "getState isStartBlueTooth: " + this.isStartBlueTooth);}}private onChangeBlueTooth(){if(!this.isStartBlueTooth){this.mMapDevice = new HashMap();return;}this.mCurrentDeviceName = BlueToothMgr.Ins().getCurrentDeviceName();}// 用户申请权限async reqPermissionsFromUser(): Promise<number[]> {let context = getContext() as common.UIAbilityContext;let atManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager();let grantStatus = await atManager.requestPermissionsFromUser(context, ['ohos.permission.ACCESS_BLUETOOTH']);return grantStatus.authResults;}// 用户申请蓝牙权限async requestBlueToothPermission() {let grantStatus = await this.reqPermissionsFromUser();for (let i = 0; i < grantStatus.length; i++) {if (grantStatus[i] === 0) {// 用户授权,可以继续访问目标操作this.userGrant = true;promptAction.showToast({ message: "蓝牙授权成功!"});}else{promptAction.showToast({ message: "蓝牙授权失败!"});}}}setBlueToothScan = ()=>{if(!this.isStartScan){promptAction.showToast({ message: "开启扫描!"});BlueToothMgr.Ins().startScanDevice((data: Array<string>)=>{let deviceId: string = data[0];if(this.mMapDevice.hasKey(deviceId)){// 重复设备,丢弃不处理}else{// 添加到表中let deviceInfo: DeviceInfo = new DeviceInfo();deviceInfo.deviceId = deviceId;deviceInfo.deviceName = BlueToothMgr.Ins().getDeviceName(deviceId);deviceInfo.deviceClass = BlueToothMgr.Ins().getDeviceClass(deviceId);this.mMapDevice.set(deviceId, deviceInfo);this.mListDeviceInfo = this.mListDeviceInfo.concat(deviceInfo);}});this.mMapDevice.clear();this.mListDeviceInfo = [];// 开启定时器this.mNumInterval = setInterval(()=>{let discovering = BlueToothMgr.Ins().isCurrentDiscovering();if(!discovering){this.closeScanDevice();}}, 1000);this.isStartScan = true;}else{promptAction.showToast({ message: "关闭扫描!"});BlueToothMgr.Ins().stopScanDevice();this.closeScanDevice();}}private closeScanDevice(){clearInterval(this.mNumInterval);this.isStartScan = false;}setBlueToothState = ()=>{try {if(!this.isStartBlueTooth){// 开启蓝牙BlueToothMgr.Ins().setBlueToothAccess(true, (state: access.BluetoothState) => {console.log(this.TAG, "getState setBlueToothAccessTrue: " + state);if(state == access.BluetoothState.STATE_ON){this.isStartBlueTooth = true;promptAction.showToast({ message: "开启蓝牙!"});console.log(this.TAG, "getState isStartBlueTooth: " + this.isStartBlueTooth);}});}else{BlueToothMgr.Ins().setBlueToothAccess(false, (state: access.BluetoothState) => {console.log(this.TAG, "getState setBlueToothAccessFalse: " + state);if(state == access.BluetoothState.STATE_OFF){this.isStartBlueTooth = false;promptAction.showToast({ message: "关闭蓝牙!"});console.log(this.TAG, "getState isStartBlueTooth: " + this.isStartBlueTooth);}});}} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG,'errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}}private isLog(){console.log(this.TAG, "isLog isStartBlueTooth: " + this.isStartBlueTooth);return true;}build() {Column() {if(this.userGrant){if(this.isLog()){Text("当前蓝牙设备信息:\n " + this.mCurrentDeviceName).fontSize(px2fp(80)).margin({ top: px2vp(100) }).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)Text(this.isStartBlueTooth ? "蓝牙状态: 开启" : "蓝牙状态: 关闭").fontSize(px2fp(80)).margin({ top: px2vp(100) }).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold).onClick(this.setBlueToothState)Text(this.isStartScan ? "蓝牙扫描: 开启ing" : "蓝牙扫描: 关闭").margin({ top: px2vp(100) }).fontSize(px2fp(80)).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold).onClick(this.setBlueToothScan)this.ListView()}}}.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center).height('100%').width('100%')} ListView(){List() {ForEach(this.mListDeviceInfo, (item: DeviceInfo, index: number) => {ListItem() {Column(){Row() {Text("设备ID: " + item.deviceId).fontSize(px2fp(42)).fontColor(Color.Black)Blank()Text("设备名: " + item.deviceName).fontSize(px2fp(42)).fontColor(Color.Black)}.width('100%')Text(item.deviceClass).fontSize(px2fp(42)).fontColor(Color.Black)}.width('100%').height(px2vp(200)).justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start).onClick(()=>{// 点击选择处理配对AlertDialog.show({title:"选择配对",message:"是否选择该设备进行蓝牙配对?",autoCancel: true,primaryButton: {value:"确定",action:()=>{promptAction.showToast({ message: item.deviceName + "配对ing!"});BlueToothMgr.Ins().pairDevice(item.deviceId);}},secondaryButton: {value:"取消",action:()=>{promptAction.showToast({ message: "取消!"});}},cancel:()=>{promptAction.showToast({ message: "取消!"});}})})}}, (item: string, index: number) => JSON.stringify(item) + index)}.width('100%')}
}
蓝牙管理类
import { access, ble } from '@kit.ConnectivityKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
import { connection } from '@kit.ConnectivityKit';export class BlueToothMgr {private TAG: string = "BlueToothTest";private static mBlueToothMgr: BlueToothMgr | undefined = undefined;private advHandle: number = 0xFF; // default invalid valueprivate mDeviceDiscoverArr: Array<string> = new Array<string>();public static Ins(){if(!BlueToothMgr.mBlueToothMgr){BlueToothMgr.mBlueToothMgr = new BlueToothMgr();BlueToothMgr.init();}return BlueToothMgr.mBlueToothMgr;}private static init(){try {connection.on('pinRequired', (data: connection.PinRequiredParam) =>{// data为配对请求参数console.info("BlueToothTest",'pinRequired pin required = '+ JSON.stringify(data));});} catch (err) {console.error("BlueToothTest", 'pinRequired errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}}/*** 当前设备蓝牙设备名称*/public getCurrentDeviceName(){let localName: string = "";try {localName = connection.getLocalName();console.info(this.TAG, 'getCurrentDeviceName localName: ' + localName);} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG, 'getCurrentDeviceName errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}return localName;}/*** 当前设备蓝牙可发现状态*/public isCurrentDiscovering(){let res: boolean = false;try {res = connection.isBluetoothDiscovering();console.info(this.TAG, 'isCurrentDiscovering isBluetoothDiscovering: ' + res);} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG, 'isCurrentDiscovering errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}return res;}// STATE_OFF 0 表示蓝牙已关闭。// STATE_TURNING_ON 1 表示蓝牙正在打开。// STATE_ON 2 表示蓝牙已打开。// STATE_TURNING_OFF 3 表示蓝牙正在关闭。// STATE_BLE_TURNING_ON 4 表示蓝牙正在打开LE-only模式。// STATE_BLE_ON 5 表示蓝牙正处于LE-only模式。// STATE_BLE_TURNING_OFF 6 表示蓝牙正在关闭LE-only模式。public getBlueToothState(): access.BluetoothState {let state = access.getState();return state;}/*** 设置蓝牙访问(开关状态)* @param isAccess true: 打开蓝牙*/setBlueToothAccess(isAccess: boolean, callbackBluetoothState: Callback<access.BluetoothState>){try {if(isAccess){console.info(this.TAG, 'bluetooth enableBluetooth 1');access.enableBluetooth();console.info(this.TAG, 'bluetooth enableBluetooth 2');access.on('stateChange', (data: access.BluetoothState) => {let btStateMessage = this.switchState(data);if (btStateMessage == 'STATE_ON') {access.off('stateChange');}console.info(this.TAG, 'bluetooth statues: ' + btStateMessage);callbackBluetoothState(data);})}else{console.info(this.TAG, 'bluetooth disableBluetooth 1');access.disableBluetooth();console.info(this.TAG, 'bluetooth disableBluetooth 2');access.on('stateChange', (data: access.BluetoothState) => {let btStateMessage = this.switchState(data);if (btStateMessage == 'STATE_OFF') {access.off('stateChange');}console.info(this.TAG, "bluetooth statues: " + btStateMessage);callbackBluetoothState(data);})}} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG, 'errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}}private switchState(data: access.BluetoothState){let btStateMessage = '';switch (data) {case 0:btStateMessage += 'STATE_OFF';break;case 1:btStateMessage += 'STATE_TURNING_ON';break;case 2:btStateMessage += 'STATE_ON';break;case 3:btStateMessage += 'STATE_TURNING_OFF';break;case 4:btStateMessage += 'STATE_BLE_TURNING_ON';break;case 5:btStateMessage += 'STATE_BLE_ON';break;case 6:btStateMessage += 'STATE_BLE_TURNING_OFF';break;default:btStateMessage += 'unknown status';break;}return btStateMessage;}/*** 主播蓝牙广播*/public registerBroadcast(){try {ble.on('advertisingStateChange', (data: ble.AdvertisingStateChangeInfo) => {console.info(this.TAG, 'bluetooth advertising state = ' + JSON.stringify(data));AppStorage.setOrCreate('advertiserState', data.state);});} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG, 'errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}}/*** 开启蓝牙广播*/public async startBroadcast(valueBuffer: Uint8Array){// 表示发送广播的相关参数。let setting: ble.AdvertiseSetting = {// 表示广播间隔,最小值设置160个slot表示100ms,最大值设置16384个slot,默认值设置为1600个slot表示1s。interval: 160,// 表示发送功率,最小值设置-127,最大值设置1,默认值设置-7,单位dbm。推荐值:高档(1),中档(-7),低档(-15)。txPower: 0,// 表示是否是可连接广播,默认值设置为true,表示可连接,false表示不可连接。connectable: true};// BLE广播数据包的内容。let manufactureDataUnit: ble.ManufactureData = {// 表示制造商的ID,由蓝牙SIG分配。manufactureId: 4567,manufactureValue: valueBuffer.buffer};let serviceValueBuffer = new Uint8Array(4);serviceValueBuffer[0] = 5;serviceValueBuffer[1] = 6;serviceValueBuffer[2] = 7;serviceValueBuffer[3] = 8;// 广播包中服务数据内容。let serviceDataUnit: ble.ServiceData = {serviceUuid: "00001888-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb",serviceValue: serviceValueBuffer.buffer};// 表示广播的数据包内容。let advData: ble.AdvertiseData = {serviceUuids: ["00001888-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"],manufactureData: [manufactureDataUnit],serviceData: [serviceDataUnit],includeDeviceName: false // 表示是否携带设备名,可选参数。注意带上设备名时广播包长度不能超出31个字节。};// 表示回复扫描请求的响应内容。let advResponse: ble.AdvertiseData = {serviceUuids: ["00001888-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"],manufactureData: [manufactureDataUnit],serviceData: [serviceDataUnit]};// 首次启动广播设置的参数。let advertisingParams: ble.AdvertisingParams = {advertisingSettings: setting,advertisingData: advData,advertisingResponse: advResponse,// 表示发送广播持续的时间。单位为10ms,有效范围为1(10ms)到65535(655350ms),如果未指定此参数或者将其设置为0,则会连续发送广播。duration: 0 // 可选参数,若大于0,则广播发送一段时间后,则会临时停止,可重新启动发送}// 首次启动广播,且获取所启动广播的标识IDtry {this.registerBroadcast();this.advHandle = await ble.startAdvertising(advertisingParams);} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG, 'errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}}/*** 开始蓝牙扫描*/public startScanDevice(callback: Callback<Array<string>>){try {connection.on('bluetoothDeviceFind', (data: Array<string>)=>{// 随机MAC地址console.info(this.TAG, 'bluetooth device bluetoothDeviceFind = '+ JSON.stringify(data));callback(data);});connection.startBluetoothDiscovery();} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG, 'errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}}/*** 停止蓝牙扫描*/public stopScanDevice(){try {connection.off('bluetoothDeviceFind');connection.stopBluetoothDiscovery();} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG, 'errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}}public getDeviceName(deviceID: string){let remoteDeviceName: string = "";try {remoteDeviceName = connection.getRemoteDeviceName(deviceID);console.info(this.TAG, 'getDeviceName device = '+ JSON.stringify(remoteDeviceName));} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG, 'getDeviceName errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}return remoteDeviceName;}public getDeviceClass(deviceID: string){let remoteDeviceClass: string = "";try {let classObj = connection.getRemoteDeviceClass(deviceID);remoteDeviceClass = JSON.stringify(classObj);} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG, 'getDeviceName errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}return remoteDeviceClass;}// BondState// BOND_STATE_INVALID 0 无效的配对。// BOND_STATE_BONDING 1 正在配对。// BOND_STATE_BONDED 2 已配对。/*** 发起配对蓝牙*/public pairDevice(deviceID: string){try {connection.on('bondStateChange', (data: connection.BondStateParam) =>{console.info(this.TAG, 'pairDevice pair state = '+ JSON.stringify(data));// 当蓝牙配对类型PinType为PIN_TYPE_ENTER_PIN_CODE或PIN_TYPE_PIN_16_DIGITS时调用此接口,请求用户输入PIN码。});connection.pairDevice(deviceID, (err: BusinessError) => {console.info(this.TAG, 'pairDevice device name err:' + JSON.stringify(err));});} catch (err) {console.error(this.TAG, 'pairDevice errCode: ' + (err as BusinessError).code + ', errMessage: ' + (err as BusinessError).message);}}}
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/fda00352f394401cbc3a6b884469f6ce.png
DEMO完成示例资源下载链接