aws(学习笔记第十二课) 使用AWS的RDS-MySQL

aws(学习笔记第十二课)

  • 使用AWS的RDS

学习内容：

  • AWS的RDS-MySQL

1. 使用AWS的RDS

  1. 什么是RDS
    RDS就是Relation Database Service的缩写，是AWS提供的托管关系型数据库系统。让用户能够在 AWS Cloud 云中更轻松地设置、操作和扩展关系数据库。

    • 数据库和web server服务器下的架构
      在这里插入图片描述

  2. 使用Cloudformation构建RDS以及AutoScaling
    注意mail地址的时候，要指定postgresql@163.com的形式，要用@加上domain的形式，否则，下面的wordpress的install会报错，导致该cloudformation创建失败

    • Cloudformation代码
      {"AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09","Description": "AWS in Action: chapter 9","Parameters": {"KeyName": {"Description": "Key Pair name","Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName","Default": "my-cli-key"},"BlogTitle": {"Description": "The title of the blog.","Type": "String","Default": "Amazon Web Services in Action - Example"},"AdminUsername": {"Description": "A username for admin.","Type": "String","Default": "admin"},"AdminPassword": {"Description": "A password for admin","Type": "String","NoEcho": "true"},"AdminEMail": {"Description": "The email address of the administrator.","Type": "String"}},"Mappings": {"EC2RegionMap": {"ap-northeast-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-cbf90ecb"},"ap-southeast-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-68d8e93a"},"ap-southeast-2": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-fd9cecc7"},"eu-central-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-a8221fb5"},"eu-west-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-a10897d6"},"sa-east-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-b52890a8"},"us-east-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-1ecae776"},"us-west-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-d114f295"},"us-west-2": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-e7527ed7"}}},"Resources": {"VPC": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::VPC","Properties": {"CidrBlock": "172.31.0.0/16","EnableDnsHostnames": "true"}},"InternetGateway": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::InternetGateway","Properties": {}},"VPCGatewayAttachment": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment","Properties": {"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"InternetGatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"}}},"SubnetA": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet","Properties": {"AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["0", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},"CidrBlock": "172.31.38.0/24","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},"SubnetB": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet","Properties": {"AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["1", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},"CidrBlock": "172.31.37.0/24","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},"RouteTable": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::RouteTable","Properties": {"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},"RouteTableAssociationA": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation","Properties": {"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetA"},"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"}}},"RouteTableAssociationB": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation","Properties": {"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetB"},"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"}}},"RoutePublicNATToInternet": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::Route","Properties": {"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"},"DestinationCidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0","GatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"}},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"},"NetworkAcl": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl","Properties": {"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},"SubnetNetworkAclAssociationA": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation","Properties": {"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetA"},"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"}}},"SubnetNetworkAclAssociationB": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation","Properties": {"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetB"},"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"}}},"NetworkAclEntryIngress": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry","Properties": {"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"},"RuleNumber": "100","Protocol": "-1","RuleAction": "allow","Egress": "false","CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"}},"NetworkAclEntryEgress": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry","Properties": {"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"},"RuleNumber": "100","Protocol": "-1","RuleAction": "allow","Egress": "true","CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"}},"LoadBalancer": {"Type": "AWS::ElasticLoadBalancing::LoadBalancer","Properties": {"Subnets": [{"Ref": "SubnetA"}, {"Ref": "SubnetB"}],"LoadBalancerName": "awsinaction-elb","Listeners": [{"InstancePort": "80","InstanceProtocol": "HTTP","LoadBalancerPort": "80","Protocol": "HTTP"}],"HealthCheck": {"HealthyThreshold": "2","Interval": "5","Target": "TCP:80","Timeout": "3","UnhealthyThreshold": "2"},"SecurityGroups": [{"Ref": "LoadBalancerSecurityGroup"}],"Scheme": "internet-facing"},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"},"LoadBalancerSecurityGroup": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup","Properties": {"GroupDescription": "awsinaction-elb-sg","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"SecurityGroupIngress": [{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0","FromPort": 80,"IpProtocol": "tcp","ToPort": 80}]}},"WebServerSecurityGroup": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup","Properties": {"GroupDescription": "awsinaction-sg","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"SecurityGroupIngress": [{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0","FromPort": 22,"IpProtocol": "tcp","ToPort": 22}, {"FromPort": 80,"IpProtocol": "tcp","SourceSecurityGroupId": {"Ref": "LoadBalancerSecurityGroup"},"ToPort": 80}]}},"DatabaseSecurityGroup": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup","Properties": {"GroupDescription": "awsinaction-db-sg","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"SecurityGroupIngress": [{"IpProtocol": "tcp","FromPort": "3306","ToPort": "3306","SourceSecurityGroupId": {"Ref": "WebServerSecurityGroup"}}]}},"Database": {"Type": "AWS::RDS::DBInstance","DeletionPolicy": "Delete","Properties": {"AllocatedStorage": "25","DBInstanceClass": "db.t3.medium","DBInstanceIdentifier": "awsinaction-db","DBName": "wordpress","Engine": "MySQL","EngineVersion": "5.7","MasterUsername": "wordpress","MasterUserPassword": "wordpress","VPCSecurityGroups": [{"Fn::GetAtt": ["DatabaseSecurityGroup", "GroupId"]}],"DBSubnetGroupName": {"Ref": "DBSubnetGroup"}},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"},"DBSubnetGroup" : {"Type" : "AWS::RDS::DBSubnetGroup","Properties" : {"DBSubnetGroupDescription" : "DB subnet group","SubnetIds": [{"Ref": "SubnetA"}, {"Ref": "SubnetB"}]}},"LaunchTemplate": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::LaunchTemplate","Metadata": {"AWS::CloudFormation::Init": {"config": {"packages": {"yum": {"php": [],"php-mysql": [],"mysql": [],"httpd": []}},"sources": {"/var/www/html": "https://wordpress.org/wordpress-4.2.4.tar.gz"},"files": {"/tmp/config": {"content": {"Fn::Join": ["", ["#!/bin/bash -ex\n","cp /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config.php\n","sed -i \"s/'database_name_here'/'wordpress'/g\" wp-config.php\n","sed -i \"s/'username_here'/'wordpress'/g\" wp-config.php\n","sed -i \"s/'password_here'/'wordpress'/g\" wp-config.php\n","sed -i \"s/'localhost'/'", {"Fn::GetAtt": ["Database", "Endpoint.Address"]}, "'/g\" wp-config.php\n","chmod -R 777 wp-content/ \n","curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AWSinAction/builds/gh-pages/phar/wp-cli.phar \n","php wp-cli.phar core install --url=\"", {"Fn::GetAtt": ["LoadBalancer", "DNSName"]}, "/wordpress\" --title=\"", {"Ref": "BlogTitle"}, "\" --admin_user=\"", {"Ref": "AdminUsername"}, "\" --admin_password=\"", {"Ref": "AdminPassword"}, "\" --admin_email=\"", {"Ref": "AdminEMail"}, "\" \n"								]]},"mode": "000500","owner": "root","group": "root"}},"commands": {"01_config": {"command": "/tmp/config","cwd": "/var/www/html/wordpress"}},"services": {"sysvinit": {"httpd": {"enabled": "true","ensureRunning": "true"}}}}}},"Properties": {"LaunchTemplateName": "LaunchTemplate","LaunchTemplateData":{"EbsOptimized": false,"ImageId": {"Fn::FindInMap": ["EC2RegionMap", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit"]},"InstanceType": "t2.micro","NetworkInterfaces":[{"DeviceIndex":0,"AssociatePublicIpAddress":true,"Groups":[{"Ref": "WebServerSecurityGroup"}],"DeleteOnTermination":true}],"KeyName": {"Ref": "KeyName"},"UserData": {"Fn::Base64": {"Fn::Join": ["", ["#!/bin/bash -ex\n","yum update -y aws-cfn-bootstrap\n","/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v --stack ", {"Ref": "AWS::StackName"}, " --resource LaunchTemplate --region ", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "\n","/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? --stack ", {"Ref": "AWS::StackName"}, " --resource AutoScalingGroup --region ", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "\n"]]}}}}},"AutoScalingGroup": {"Type": "AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup","Properties": {"LoadBalancerNames": [{"Ref": "LoadBalancer"}],"LaunchTemplate" : {"LaunchTemplateId" : {"Ref" : "LaunchTemplate"},"Version" : {"Fn::GetAtt" : ["LaunchTemplate","LatestVersionNumber"]}},"MinSize": "2","MaxSize": "2","DesiredCapacity": "2","VPCZoneIdentifier": [{"Ref": "SubnetA"}, {"Ref": "SubnetB"}]},"CreationPolicy": {"ResourceSignal": {"Timeout": "PT10M"}},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"}},"Outputs": {"URL": {"Value": {"Fn::Join": ["", ["http://", {"Fn::GetAtt": ["LoadBalancer", "DNSName"]}, "/wordpress"]]},"Description": "Wordpress URL"}}
}

  3. 逐步解析整个Cloudformation

    • 定义VPC以及两个subnet

      • 代码
        "VPC": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::VPC","Properties": {"CidrBlock": "172.31.0.0/16","EnableDnsHostnames": "true"}},"InternetGateway": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::InternetGateway","Properties": {}},"VPCGatewayAttachment": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment","Properties": {"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"InternetGatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"}}},"SubnetA": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet","Properties": {"AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["0", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},"CidrBlock": "172.31.38.0/24","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},"SubnetB": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet","Properties": {"AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["1", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},"CidrBlock": "172.31.37.0/24","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},
      • 系统构成 系统构成图
      • 代码解析
        • 定义了一个VPC
        • 定义了一个InternetGateway，并将其attach到VPC上。
        • 定义了两个subnet，其中每个subnet都在一个AvailabilityZone（AZ）里面。

    • 定义Router和RouteTable，并附加在两个subnet上

      • 代码
        "RouteTable": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::RouteTable","Properties": {"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},"RouteTableAssociationA": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation","Properties": {"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetA"},"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"}}},"RouteTableAssociationB": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation","Properties": {"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetB"},"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"}}},"RoutePublicNATToInternet": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::Route","Properties": {"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"},"DestinationCidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0","GatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"}},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"},
        • 对应的系统构成
          在这里插入图片描述
          注意，"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"，因为需要0.0.0.0路由到InternetGateway的时候，需要VPC attach到InternetGateway作为先行条件，所以加上DependsOn。
        • 代码解析
          • 定义一个RouteTable，指定VPC
          • 将这个RouteTable附加到subnet A上
          • 将这个RouteTable附加到subnet B上
          • 给路由表RouteTable加上路由Route，EC2如果想要访问Internet网络，那么经由InternetGateway

    • 定义Router和RouteTable，并附加在两个subnet上

      • 代码

        		"NetworkAcl": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl","Properties": {"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},"SubnetNetworkAclAssociationA": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation","Properties": {"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetA"},"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"}}},"SubnetNetworkAclAssociationB": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation","Properties": {"SubnetId": {"Ref": "SubnetB"},"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"}}},"NetworkAclEntryIngress": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry","Properties": {"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"},"RuleNumber": "100","Protocol": "-1","RuleAction": "allow","Egress": "false","CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"}},"NetworkAclEntryEgress": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry","Properties": {"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"},"RuleNumber": "100","Protocol": "-1","RuleAction": "allow","Egress": "true","CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"}},

      • 系统构成
        在这里插入图片描述

      • 代码解析

        • 定义一个NetworkAcl
        • 定义两个SubnetNetworkAclAssociation，一个是从0.0.0.0入站（egress = true）的网络都开放，另一个是从subnet出站（egress = true）到0.0.0.0的都开放

    • 定义一个LoadBalancer以及security group

      • 代码
        "LoadBalancer": {"Type": "AWS::ElasticLoadBalancing::LoadBalancer","Properties": {"Subnets": [{"Ref": "SubnetA"}, {"Ref": "SubnetB"}],"LoadBalancerName": "awsinaction-elb","Listeners": [{"InstancePort": "80","InstanceProtocol": "HTTP","LoadBalancerPort": "80","Protocol": "HTTP"}],"HealthCheck": {"HealthyThreshold": "2","Interval": "5","Target": "TCP:80","Timeout": "3","UnhealthyThreshold": "2"},"SecurityGroups": [{"Ref": "LoadBalancerSecurityGroup"}],"Scheme": "internet-facing"},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"},"LoadBalancerSecurityGroup": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup","Properties": {"GroupDescription": "awsinaction-elb-sg","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"SecurityGroupIngress": [{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0","FromPort": 80,"IpProtocol": "tcp","ToPort": 80}]}},
      • 系统构成
        在这里插入图片描述
      • 代码解析
        • 定义一个LoadBalancer
        • 定义一个LoadBalancerSecurityGroup，开放internet到LoadBalancer的80端口访问

    • 定义WebServerSecurityGroup

      • 代码
        "WebServerSecurityGroup": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup","Properties": {"GroupDescription": "awsinaction-sg","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"SecurityGroupIngress": [{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0","FromPort": 22,"IpProtocol": "tcp","ToPort": 22}, {"FromPort": 80,"IpProtocol": "tcp","SourceSecurityGroupId": {"Ref": "LoadBalancerSecurityGroup"},"ToPort": 80}]}},
      • 系统构成
        在这里插入图片描述
        • 代码解析
          • 定义一个WebServerSecurityGroup
          • 允许internet访问22端口
          • 只允许LoadBalancerSecurityGroup所属的主机访问80端口

    • 定义数据库和数据所在的security group

      • 代码
        "DatabaseSecurityGroup": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup","Properties": {"GroupDescription": "awsinaction-db-sg","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"SecurityGroupIngress": [{"IpProtocol": "tcp","FromPort": "3306","ToPort": "3306","SourceSecurityGroupId": {"Ref": "WebServerSecurityGroup"}}]}},"Database": {"Type": "AWS::RDS::DBInstance","DeletionPolicy": "Delete","Properties": {"AllocatedStorage": "25","DBInstanceClass": "db.t3.medium","DBInstanceIdentifier": "awsinaction-db","DBName": "wordpress","Engine": "MySQL","EngineVersion": "5.7","MasterUsername": "wordpress","MasterUserPassword": "wordpress","VPCSecurityGroups": [{"Fn::GetAtt": ["DatabaseSecurityGroup", "GroupId"]}],"DBSubnetGroupName": {"Ref": "DBSubnetGroup"}},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"},"DBSubnetGroup" : {"Type" : "AWS::RDS::DBSubnetGroup","Properties" : {"DBSubnetGroupDescription" : "DB subnet group","SubnetIds": [{"Ref": "SubnetA"}, {"Ref": "SubnetB"}]}},

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