准备工作

1.数据集准备（例:民法典.txt）

《中华人民共和国民法典 》全文免费下载 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

自行转txt格式（约11万字）

当然你可以用我清洗了的数据集
https://modelscope.cn/datasets/Zzcc10/Civil_Code

2.服务器准备（阿里云 DSW 白嫖）

创建自己的实例（选择对应环境镜像约24g多）

https://free.aliyun.com/?spm=a2c4g.11174283.0.0.46a0527f6LNsEe&productCode=learn

3.环境配置

pip 升级

!pip install --upgrade pip 

模型下载

git 下载

!git lfs install

!git clone https://www.modelscope.cn/Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct.git

微调助手

llama-factory

!git clone https://github.com/hiyouga/LLaMA-Factory.git
%cd LLaMA-Factory
!pip install -e .

4.数据集处理

注：若缺失部分环境pip install 安装即可，此处不在强调

脚本文件

4.1文本分割(bert-base-chinese)

bert-base-chinese 下载到本地

 git clone https://www.modelscope.cn/tiansz/bert-base-chinese.git

import torch
from transformers import BertTokenizer, BertModel
import re
import os
from scipy.spatial.distance import cosinedef get_sentence_embedding(sentence, model, tokenizer):"""获取句子的嵌入表示参数:sentence (str): 输入句子model (BertModel): 预训练的BERT模型tokenizer (BertTokenizer): BERT分词器返回:numpy.ndarray: 句子的嵌入向量"""# 使用分词器处理输入句子，并转换为模型输入格式inputs = tokenizer(sentence, return_tensors="pt", padding=True, truncation=True, max_length=512)# 使用模型获取输出，不计算梯度with torch.no_grad():outputs = model(**inputs)# 返回最后一层隐藏状态的平均值作为句子嵌入return outputs.last_hidden_state.mean(dim=1).squeeze().numpy()def split_text_by_semantic(text, max_length, similarity_threshold=0.5):"""基于语义相似度对文本进行分块参数:text (str): 输入的长文本max_length (int): 每个文本块的最大长度（以BERT分词器的token为单位）similarity_threshold (float): 语义相似度阈值，默认为0.5返回:list: 分割后的文本块列表"""# 加载BERT模型和分词器tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('/mnt/workspace/dataset/bert-base-chinese')model = BertModel.from_pretrained('/mnt/workspace/dataset/bert-base-chinese')model.eval()  # 设置模型为评估模式# 按句子分割文本（使用常见的中文标点符号）sentences = re.split(r'(。|！|？|；)', text)# 重新组合句子和标点sentences = [s + p for s, p in zip(sentences[::2], sentences[1::2]) if s]chunks = []current_chunk = sentences[0]# 获取当前chunk的嵌入表示current_embedding = get_sentence_embedding(current_chunk, model, tokenizer)for sentence in sentences[1:]:# 获取当前句子的嵌入表示sentence_embedding = get_sentence_embedding(sentence, model, tokenizer)# 计算当前chunk和当前句子的余弦相似度similarity = 1 - cosine(current_embedding, sentence_embedding)# 如果相似度高于阈值且合并后不超过最大长度，则合并if similarity > similarity_threshold and len(tokenizer.tokenize(current_chunk + sentence)) <= max_length:current_chunk += sentence# 更新当前chunk的嵌入表示current_embedding = (current_embedding + sentence_embedding) / 2else:# 否则，保存当前chunk并开始新的chunkchunks.append(current_chunk)current_chunk = sentencecurrent_embedding = sentence_embedding# 添加最后一个chunkif current_chunk:chunks.append(current_chunk)return chunksdef read_text_file(file_path):"""读取文本文件参数:file_path (str): 文件路径返回:str: 文件内容"""with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:return file.read()def save_chunks_to_files(chunks, output_dir):"""将分割后的文本块保存到文件参数:chunks (list): 文本块列表output_dir (str): 输出目录路径"""# 如果输出目录不存在，则创建if not os.path.exists(output_dir):os.makedirs(output_dir)# 将每个文本块保存为单独的文件for i, chunk in enumerate(chunks):chunk_file_path = os.path.join(output_dir, f"chunk_{i + 1}.txt")with open(chunk_file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:file.write(chunk)print(f"已保存第 {i + 1} 个文本块到 {chunk_file_path}")# 主程序# 设置输入和输出路径
input_file_path = './test.txt'  # 替换为你的长文本文件路径
output_dir = './saveChunk/'  # 替换为你希望保存文本块的目录路径# 读取长文本
long_text = read_text_file(input_file_path)# 设置每个文本块的最大分词数量和相似度阈值
max_length = 2048  # 可根据需要调整
similarity_threshold = 0.5  # 可根据需要调整# 分割长文本
text_chunks = split_text_by_semantic(long_text, max_length, similarity_threshold)# 保存分割后的文本块到指定目录
save_chunks_to_files(text_chunks, output_dir)

4.2数据集生成

如何获取API-KEY_大模型服务平台百炼(Model Studio)-阿里云帮助中心 (aliyun.com)

获取api 选择所需模型即可

model=“qwen-max-latest”, # 修改自己选择的 模型

import json
import os
import time
import re
from typing import List, Dict
from openai import OpenAI
import logging
import backoff
import pyarrow as pa
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed# 设置日志
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)# 从环境变量中获取 API 密钥
api_key = "？？？"# 初始化 OpenAI 客户端
client = OpenAI(base_url="https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1", api_key=api_key)def read_file(file_path: str) -> str:with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:return file.read()@backoff.on_exception(backoff.expo, Exception, max_tries=3)
def generate_single_entry(text: str) -> Dict:prompt = f"""基于以下文本，生成1个用于指令数据集的高质量条目。条目应该直接关联到给定的文本内容，提出相关的问题或任务。请确保生成多样化的指令类型，例如：- 分析类："分析..."- 比较类："比较..."- 解释类："解释..."- 评价类："评价..."- 问答类："为什么..."文本内容：{text}请以下面的格式生成条目，确保所有字段都有适当的内容：{{"instruction": "使用上述多样化的指令类型之一，提出一个具体的、与文本相关的问题或任务","input": "如果需要额外的上下文信息，请在这里提供，否则留空","output": "对instruction的详细回答或任务的完成结果"}}确保所有生成的内容都与给定的文本直接相关，生成的是有效的JSON格式，并且内容高质量、准确、详细。"""try:response = client.chat.completions.create(model="qwen-plus-0919",  # 尝试使用自己选择的 模型messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],temperature=0.7,  # 增加温度以提高多样性max_tokens=4098)logger.info(f"API 响应: {response.choices[0].message.content}")json_match = re.search(r'\{.*\}', response.choices[0].message.content, re.DOTALL)if json_match:entry = json.loads(json_match.group())required_keys = ['instruction', 'input', 'output']if isinstance(entry, dict) and all(key in entry for key in required_keys):# 根据 input 是否为空来设置 text 字段if entry['input'].strip():entry['text'] = f"Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction: {entry['instruction']}\n### Input: {entry['input']}\n### Response: {entry['output']}"else:entry['text'] = f"Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction: {entry['instruction']}\n### Input: {entry['input']}\n### Response: {entry['output']}"logger.info("成功生成完整条目")return entryelse:logger.warning("JSON 解析成功，但缺少必要字段")return {}else:logger.error("无法从API响应中提取有效的JSON")return {}except Exception as e:logger.error(f"生成条目时发生错误: {str(e)}")return {}def process_file(file_path: str, entries_per_file: int) -> List[Dict]:dataset = []try:text = read_file(file_path)for j in range(entries_per_file):logger.info(f"  生成第 {j + 1}/{entries_per_file} 个条目")entry = generate_single_entry(text)if entry and all(key in entry for key in ['instruction', 'input', 'output', 'text']):dataset.append(entry)logger.info(f"  成功生成 1 个完整条目")else:logger.warning(f"  跳过不完整的条目")time.sleep(2)  # 在请求之间增加延迟到2秒except Exception as e:logger.error(f"处理文件 {file_path} 时发生未知异常: {str(e)}")return datasetdef generate_dataset(folder_path: str, entries_per_file: int = 2) -> List[Dict]:dataset = []files = [os.path.join(folder_path, filename) for filename in os.listdir(folder_path) if filename.endswith(".txt")]with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as executor:  # 调整 max_workers 数量以适应你的硬件资源futures = [executor.submit(process_file, file_path, entries_per_file) for file_path in files]for future in as_completed(futures):try:dataset.extend(future.result())except Exception as e:logger.error(f"处理未来任务时发生未知异常: {str(e)}")return datasetdef save_dataset_as_parquet(dataset: List[Dict], output_file: str):schema = pa.schema([('instruction', pa.string()),('input', pa.string()),('output', pa.string()),('text', pa.string())])arrays = [pa.array([entry['instruction'] for entry in dataset]),pa.array([entry['input'] for entry in dataset]),pa.array([entry['output'] for entry in dataset]),pa.array([entry['text'] for entry in dataset])]table = pa.Table.from_arrays(arrays, schema=schema)pq.write_table(table, output_file)if __name__ == "__main__":input_folder = "./saveChunk"  # 指定输入文件夹路径output_file = "instruction_dataset.parquet"logger.info("开始生成数据集")dataset = generate_dataset(input_folder, entries_per_file=10)save_dataset_as_parquet(dataset, output_file)logger.info(f"数据集已生成并保存到 {output_file}")logger.info(f"共生成 {len(dataset)} 个有效条目")

4.3.1数据集转换（只有一个数据集）alpaca格式

import json
import pandas as pd
from rich import print# Load local Parquet dataset
parquet_file_path = '/mnt/workspace/dataset/instruction_dataset.parquet'
dataset = pd.read_parquet(parquet_file_path)# Print the columns of the dataset to verify
print("Dataset Columns:", dataset.columns)# Convert dataset to list of dictionaries
json_data = dataset.to_dict(orient='list')# Print the first row to verify
print("First Row:", {key: json_data[key][0] for key in json_data})# Initialize list to store Alpaca format data
alpaca_data = []# Process each entry in the dataset
for i in range(len(json_data['instruction'])):instruction = json_data['instruction'][i]input_text = json_data['input'][i]original_output = json_data['output'][i]# Create Alpaca format entryalpaca_entry = {"instruction": instruction,"input": input_text,"output": original_output}alpaca_data.append(alpaca_entry)# Save in Alpaca format
with open("alpaca_dataset.json", "w") as file:json.dump(alpaca_data, file, indent=4)print("Alpaca format dataset saved as 'alpaca_dataset.json'")

4.3.2训练集验证集划分（两个数据集）alpaca格式

import json
import pandas as pd
from rich import print
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split# Load local Parquet dataset
parquet_file_path = '/mnt/workspace/dataset/instruction_dataset.parquet'
dataset = pd.read_parquet(parquet_file_path)# Print the columns of the dataset to verify
print("Dataset Columns:", dataset.columns)# Convert dataset to list of dictionaries
json_data = dataset.to_dict(orient='list')# Print the first row to verify
print("First Row:", {key: json_data[key][0] for key in json_data})# Initialize lists to store Alpaca format data
alpaca_data = []# Process each entry in the dataset
for i in range(len(json_data['instruction'])):instruction = json_data['instruction'][i]input_text = json_data['input'][i]original_output = json_data['output'][i]# Create Alpaca format entryalpaca_entry = {"instruction": instruction,"input": input_text,"output": original_output}alpaca_data.append(alpaca_entry)# Split the dataset into training and testing sets (80% training, 20% testing)
train_data, test_data = train_test_split(alpaca_data, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)# Save training set in Alpaca format
with open("alpaca_train_dataset.json", "w") as file:json.dump(train_data, file, indent=4)# Save testing set in Alpaca format
with open("alpaca_test_dataset.json", "w") as file:json.dump(test_data, file, indent=4)print("Alpaca format training dataset saved as 'alpaca_train_dataset.json'")
print("Alpaca format testing dataset saved as 'alpaca_test_dataset.json'")

5.开始微调

5.1配置文件修改

LLaMA-Factory/data/dataset_info.json

LLaMA-Factory/data/dataset_info.json

同时alpaca_train_dataset.json和alpaca_test_dataset.json放入LLaMA-Factory/data/路径

  "train": {"file_name": "alpaca_train_dataset.json"},"test": {"file_name": "alpaca_test_dataset.json"},

5.2进入微调ui

需要进入对应文件夹下

%cd LLaMA-Factory
!llamafactory-cli webui

注释：若出现连接失败，尝试配置环境变量

!GRADIO_ROOT_PATH=/${JUPYTER_NAME}/proxy/7860/ \
USE_MODELSCOPE_HUB=1 \
llamafactory-cli webui

5.3修改参数即可训练

模型路径使用绝对路径即可

/mnt/workspace/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct

注：具体调整参数需自己测试

5.4训练结果

6.测试评估

注：可能需要安装(出现错误根据提示进行修改即可)

pip install rouge-chinese

7.模型对话

chat模式加载模型

若显存不够则使用huggingface推理（vllm加载速度更快）

8.模型合并

合并不能进行量化操作

9.模型量化

需合并了再量化选择所需量化等级即可（24g显存可能不够）