CSS系列（27）- 图形与滤镜详解

前端技术探索系列：CSS 图形与滤镜详解 🎨

致读者：探索CSS的艺术表现力 👋

前端开发者们，

今天我们将深入探讨 CSS 图形和滤镜效果，学习如何创建引人注目的视觉效果。

基础图形 🚀

几何形状

/* 圆形 */
.circle {width: 100px;height: 100px;border-radius: 50%;background: #007bff;
}/* 三角形 */
.triangle {width: 0;height: 0;border-left: 50px solid transparent;border-right: 50px solid transparent;border-bottom: 86.6px solid #28a745;
}/* 六边形 */
.hexagon {width: 100px;height: 57.735px;background: #dc3545;position: relative;
}.hexagon::before,
.hexagon::after {content: '';position: absolute;width: 0;border-left: 50px solid transparent;border-right: 50px solid transparent;
}.hexagon::before {bottom: 100%;border-bottom: 28.867px solid #dc3545;
}.hexagon::after {top: 100%;border-top: 28.867px solid #dc3545;
}

复杂图形

/* 心形 */
.heart {width: 100px;height: 90px;position: relative;
}.heart::before,
.heart::after {content: '';position: absolute;top: 0;width: 50px;height: 80px;border-radius: 50px 50px 0 0;background: #ff4444;
}.heart::before {left: 50px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0 100%;
}.heart::after {left: 0;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: 100% 100%;
}/* 星形 */
.star {width: 0;height: 0;border-right: 100px solid transparent;border-bottom: 70px solid #ffd700;border-left: 100px solid transparent;transform: rotate(35deg);position: relative;
}.star::before {content: '';position: absolute;border-bottom: 80px solid #ffd700;border-left: 30px solid transparent;border-right: 30px solid transparent;transform: rotate(-35deg);top: -45px;left: -65px;
}.star::after {content: '';position: absolute;top: 3px;left: -105px;border-right: 100px solid transparent;border-bottom: 70px solid #ffd700;border-left: 100px solid transparent;transform: rotate(-70deg);
}

滤镜效果 🎯

基础滤镜

/* 模糊效果 */
.blur {filter: blur(5px);
}/* 亮度调整 */
.brightness {filter: brightness(150%);
}/* 对比度 */
.contrast {filter: contrast(180%);
}/* 组合滤镜 */
.combined-filters {filter: contrast(150%) brightness(110%) saturate(180%) hue-rotate(30deg);
}

高级滤镜

/* 毛玻璃效果 */
.frosted-glass {background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);backdrop-filter: blur(10px);-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}/* 动态滤镜 */
.hover-filter {transition: filter 0.3s;
}.hover-filter:hover {filter: brightness(110%) contrast(110%) saturate(120%);
}/* 图片处理 */
.image-effects {filter: sepia(50%)brightness(110%)contrast(120%)saturate(150%);
}

混合模式 💫

基础混合

/* 正片叠底 */
.multiply {background: #ff0000;mix-blend-mode: multiply;
}/* 叠加 */
.overlay {background: #00ff00;mix-blend-mode: overlay;
}/* 滤色 */
.screen {background: #0000ff;mix-blend-mode: screen;
}

高级混合

/* 渐变混合 */
.gradient-blend {background: linear-gradient(45deg, #ff0000, #00ff00);mix-blend-mode: overlay;
}/* 图片混合 */
.image-blend {background-image: url('image.jpg');mix-blend-mode: luminosity;
}/* 动态混合 */
.hover-blend {transition: mix-blend-mode 0.3s;
}.hover-blend:hover {mix-blend-mode: difference;
}

渐变技巧 ⚡

线性渐变

/* 基础渐变 */
.gradient {background: linear-gradient(45deg, #ff0000, #00ff00);
}/* 多色渐变 */
.multi-gradient {background: linear-gradient(to right,#ff0000,#ff7f00,#ffff00,#00ff00,#0000ff,#4b0082,#8f00ff);
}/* 重复渐变 */
.repeating-gradient {background: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#ff0000,#ff0000 10px,#ffffff 10px,#ffffff 20px);
}

径向渐变

/* 圆形渐变 */
.radial {background: radial-gradient(circle, #ff0000, #00ff00);
}/* 椭圆渐变 */
.elliptical {background: radial-gradient(ellipse at center,rgba(255,255,255,1) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 70%);
}/* 多重渐变 */
.complex-gradient {background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0,rgba(255,0,0,.5),rgba(255,0,0,0) 70.71%),radial-gradient(circle at 6.7% 75%,rgba(0,0,255,.5),rgba(0,0,255,0) 70.71%),radial-gradient(circle at 93.3% 75%,rgba(0,255,0,.5),rgba(0,255,0,0) 70.71%);
}