C++和SFML游戏入门

让我们深入探讨一下如何使用C++和SFML（Simple and Fast Multimedia Library）来创建一个更为详细的游戏代码示例。我们将构建一个简单的2D游戏，其中包含一个可移动的角色、基本的碰撞检测以及简单的得分系统。

项目结构

首先，我们定义项目的文件结构：

MyGame/
├── src/
│   ├── main.cpp
│   ├── Game.hpp
│   ├── Game.cpp
│   ├── Player.hpp
│   └── Player.cpp
└── assets/├── player.png└── obstacle.png

初始化项目

确保你已经安装了SFML库，并且你的IDE配置正确。接下来，我们开始编写代码。

`main.cpp` - 程序入口

cpp

#include "Game.hpp"int main() {Game game;game.run();return 0;
}

`Game.hpp` - 游戏类声明

cpp

#ifndef GAME_HPP
#define GAME_HPP#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>class Game {
public:Game();void run();private:void processEvents();void update(sf::Time elapsedTime);void render();bool isRunning;sf::RenderWindow window;Player player;
};#endif // GAME_HPP

`Game.cpp` - 游戏逻辑实现

cpp

#include "Game.hpp"
#include "Player.hpp"Game::Game() : isRunning(true),window(sf::VideoMode(800, 600), "My Simple Game"),player()
{
}void Game::run() {sf::Clock clock;while (isRunning) {sf::Time deltaTime = clock.restart();processEvents();update(deltaTime);render();}
}void Game::processEvents() {sf::Event event;while (window.pollEvent(event)) {if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed)isRunning = false;else if (event.type == sf::Event::KeyPressed && event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Escape)isRunning = false;player.handleEvent(event);}
}void Game::update(sf::Time elapsedTime) {player.update(elapsedTime);
}void Game::render() {window.clear();window.draw(player);window.display();
}

`Player.hpp` - 角色类声明

cpp

#ifndef PLAYER_HPP
#define PLAYER_HPP#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>class Player : public sf::Drawable {
public:Player();void handleEvent(const sf::Event& event);void update(sf::Time elapsedTime);private:virtual void draw(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const override;sf::Sprite sprite;sf::Texture texture;float speed;
};#endif // PLAYER_HPP

`Player.cpp` - 角色逻辑实现

cpp

#include "Player.hpp"Player::Player() : speed(200.f)
{if (!texture.loadFromFile("assets/player.png")) {// Handle error}sprite.setTexture(texture);
}void Player::handleEvent(const sf::Event& event) {if (event.type == sf::Event::KeyPressed) {if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::W || event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Up)sprite.move(0, -speed * 0.1f);else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::S || event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Down)sprite.move(0, speed * 0.1f);else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::A || event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Left)sprite.move(-speed * 0.1f, 0);else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::D || event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Right)sprite.move(speed * 0.1f, 0);}
}void Player::update(sf::Time elapsedTime) {if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::W) || sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Up))sprite.move(0, -speed * elapsedTime.asSeconds());if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::S) || sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Down))sprite.move(0, speed * elapsedTime.asSeconds());if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::A) || sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Left))sprite.move(-speed * elapsedTime.asSeconds(), 0);if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::D) || sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Right))sprite.move(speed * elapsedTime.asSeconds(), 0);
}void Player::draw(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const {target.draw(sprite, states);
}