7.8 用LSTM预测股票行情

7.8.1 导入数据

# Tushare是一个免费、开源的python财经数据接口包。主要实现对股票等金融数据从数据采集、清洗加工 到 数据存储的过程
import tushare as ts  

cons = ts.get_apis()

#获取沪深指数(000300)的信息，包括交易日期（datetime）、开盘价(open)、收盘价(close)，
#最高价(high)、最低价(low)、成交量(vol)、成交金额(amount)、涨跌幅(p_change)
df = ts.bar('000300', conn=cons, asset='INDEX', start_date='2010-01-01', end_date='')
## 由于接口更新了，需要进行注册才能使用，在官网https://tushare.pro/中进行注册，具体如下,之后使用进行调用，等工作不忙后我会重新修改代码
#token='你的token'
#cons = ts.pro_api(token)
#df = cons.daily(ts_code='000001.SZ', start_date='20220301', end_date='20220317')

本接口即将停止更新，请尽快使用Pro版接口：https://waditu.com/document/2

df = df.dropna()
df.to_csv('sh300.csv')

df.columns

Index(['code', 'open', 'close', 'high', 'low', 'vol', 'amount', 'p_change'], dtype='object')

7.8.2 数据概览

df.describe()

	open	close	high	low	vol	amount	p_change
count	2751.000000	2751.000000	2751.000000	2751.000000	2.751000e+03	2.751000e+03	2751.000000
mean	3312.708859	3315.500174	3341.218680	3284.866252	1.142116e+06	1.474558e+11	0.024391
std	782.131796	782.340288	788.871807	773.029955	8.836562e+05	1.300980e+11	1.454752
min	2079.870000	2086.970000	2118.790000	2023.170000	2.190120e+05	2.120044e+10	-8.750000
25%	2611.760000	2613.520000	2632.355000	2591.375000	6.063705e+05	6.562710e+10	-0.640000
50%	3273.890000	3276.670000	3304.260000	3247.690000	8.833630e+05	1.065559e+11	0.040000
75%	3822.735000	3827.870000	3847.855000	3790.325000	1.329321e+06	1.751813e+11	0.720000
max	5922.070000	5807.720000	5930.910000	5747.660000	6.864391e+06	9.494980e+11	6.710000

7.8.3 预处理数据

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import datetime
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import numpy as np
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms%matplotlib inline

n = 30
LR = 0.001
EPOCH = 200
batch_size=20
train_end =-600device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

#通过一个序列来生成一个31*(count(*)-train_end)矩阵（用于处理时序的数据）
#其中最后一列维标签数据。就是把当天的前n天作为参数，当天的数据作为label
def generate_data_by_n_days(series, n, index=False):if len(series) <= n:raise Exception("The Length of series is %d, while affect by (n=%d)." % (len(series), n))df = pd.DataFrame()for i in range(n):df['c%d' % i] = series.tolist()[i:-(n - i)]        df['y'] = series.tolist()[n:]if index:df.index = series.index[n:]return df#参数n与上相同。train_end表示的是后面多少个数据作为测试集。
def readData(column='high', n=30, all_too=True, index=False, train_end=-500):df = pd.read_csv("sh300.csv", index_col=0)#以日期为索引df.index = list(map(lambda x: datetime.datetime.strptime(x, "%Y-%m-%d"), df.index))#获取每天的最高价df_column = df[column].copy()#拆分为训练集和测试集df_column_train, df_column_test = df_column[:train_end], df_column[train_end - n:]#生成训练数据df_generate_train = generate_data_by_n_days(df_column_train, n, index=index)if all_too:return df_generate_train, df_column, df.index.tolist()return df_generate_train

7.8.4 定义模型

class RNN(nn.Module):def __init__(self, input_size):super(RNN, self).__init__()self.rnn = nn.LSTM(input_size=input_size,hidden_size=64,num_layers=1,batch_first=True)self.out = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(64, 1))def forward(self, x):r_out, (h_n, h_c) = self.rnn(x, None)  #None即隐层状态用0初始化out = self.out(r_out)return outclass mytrainset(Dataset):def __init__(self, data):        self.data, self.label = data[:, :-1].float(), data[:, -1].float()def __getitem__(self, index):return self.data[index], self.label[index]def __len__(self):return len(self.data)

7.8.5 训练模型

from pandas.plotting import register_matplotlib_converters
register_matplotlib_converters()
# 获取训练数据、原始数据、索引等信息
df, df_all, df_index = readData('high', n=n, train_end=train_end)#可视化原高价数据
df_all = np.array(df_all.tolist())
plt.plot(df_index, df_all, label='real-data')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')  #对数据进行预处理，规范化及转换为Tensor
df_numpy = np.array(df)df_numpy_mean = np.mean(df_numpy)
df_numpy_std = np.std(df_numpy)df_numpy = (df_numpy - df_numpy_mean) / df_numpy_std
df_tensor = torch.Tensor(df_numpy)trainset = mytrainset(df_tensor)
trainloader = DataLoader(trainset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False)

#记录损失值，并用tensorboardx在web上展示
from tensorboardX import SummaryWriter
writer = SummaryWriter(log_dir='logs')rnn = RNN(n).to(device)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(rnn.parameters(), lr=LR)  
loss_func = nn.MSELoss()for step in range(EPOCH):for tx, ty in trainloader:tx=tx.to(device)ty=ty.to(device)#在第1个维度上添加一个维度为1的维度，形状变为[batch,seq_len,input_size]output = rnn(torch.unsqueeze(tx, dim=1)).to(device)loss = loss_func(torch.squeeze(output), ty)optimizer.zero_grad()  loss.backward()  optimizer.step()writer.add_scalar('sh300_loss', loss, step)  

D:\sofewore\anaconda\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\loss.py:432: UserWarning: Using a target size (torch.Size([1])) that is different to the input size (torch.Size([])). This will likely lead to incorrect results due to broadcasting. Please ensure they have the same size.return F.mse_loss(input, target, reduction=self.reduction)

7.8.6 测试模型

generate_data_train = []
generate_data_test = []test_index = len(df_all) + train_enddf_all_normal = (df_all - df_numpy_mean) / df_numpy_std
df_all_normal_tensor = torch.Tensor(df_all_normal)
for i in range(n, len(df_all)):x = df_all_normal_tensor[i - n:i].to(device)#rnn的输入必须是3维，故需添加两个1维的维度，最后成为[1,1,input_size]x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.unsqueeze(x, dim=0), dim=0)y = rnn(x).to(device)if i < test_index:generate_data_train.append(torch.squeeze(y).detach().cpu().numpy() * df_numpy_std + df_numpy_mean)else:generate_data_test.append(torch.squeeze(y).detach().cpu().numpy() * df_numpy_std + df_numpy_mean)
plt.plot(df_index[n:train_end], generate_data_train, label='generate_train')
plt.plot(df_index[train_end:], generate_data_test, label='generate_test')
plt.plot(df_index[train_end:], df_all[train_end:], label='real-data')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

plt.clf()
plt.plot(df_index[train_end:-500], df_all[train_end:-500], label='real-data')
plt.plot(df_index[train_end:-500], generate_data_test[-600:-500], label='generate_test')
plt.legend()
plt.show()