前言

哈喽，好久不见了吧，各位新年好！博主春节也是比较忙的，没时间去写文章和"coding"。最近我们学校也是初九就开学了，所以更加没时间创作了🤣

言归正传，本次写这篇文章算是想要对我个人的一次小总结吧。

本篇文章会围绕B站的登录请求来进行一次Python爬虫实战，用到的也是异步爬虫库httpx，我也是刚学爬虫不久，文章有什么错误欢迎各位大佬指正，指导

开始

1.准备

你需要准备的东西有这些：

httpx
qrcode
浏览器
勤劳的双手

其中1,2两点都是python第三方拓展库，httpx主要用来爬取数据，qrcode负责生成二维码，在此提示一下，本文章适合有一定爬虫基础的同学阅读，如果你是新手可以先去学习一点基础再来阅读本文章效果更佳

2.理清思路

我们先来理解一下b站的二维码生成机制，先上流程图

大概流程清晰了吧

接着我们来到B站官网，打开F12，使用开发者调试器找请求，找到我用方框框起来的请求，这个就是请求登录验证链接以及qrcode_key的接口

我们可以看到请求完接口是这样的

那么思路有了，接口也找到了，接下来该干正事了

3.开干！

首先随便新建一个py文件，然后写入以下代码

import json
import httpxdef get_qrurl() -> list:"""返回qrcode链接以及token"""with httpx.Client() as client:headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36 QIHU 360SE'}url = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/x/passport-login/web/qrcode/generate?source=main-fe-header'data = client.get(url=url, headers=headers)total_data = data.json()qrcode_url = total_data['data']['url']qrcode_key = total_data['data']['qrcode_key']data = {}data['url'] = qrcode_urldata['qrcode_key'] = qrcode_keyreturn dataif __name__ == "__main__":print(get_qrurl())

接着我们运行一下，打印返回的值，发现，返回的值就是我们在浏览器看到的验证链接和qrcode

至此我们已经完成了向哔哩哔哩服务器发送请求的步骤，接下来就该生成二维码了，这里我们需要借助qrcode库来实现二维码的生成

话不多说，贴代码

import json
import httpx
import qrcodedef get_qrurl() -> list:"""返回qrcode链接以及token"""with httpx.Client() as client:headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36 QIHU 360SE'}url = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/x/passport-login/web/qrcode/generate?source=main-fe-header'data = client.get(url=url, headers=headers)total_data = data.json()qrcode_url = total_data['data']['url']qrcode_key = total_data['data']['qrcode_key']data = {}data['url'] = qrcode_urldata['qrcode_key'] = qrcode_keyreturn datadef make_qrcode():"""制作二维码"""data = get_qrurl()qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=5,error_correction=qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_L,box_size=10,border=4,)qr.add_data(data['url'])qr.make(fit=True)# fill_color和back_color分别控制前景颜色和背景颜色，支持输入RGB色，注意颜色更改可能会导致二维码扫描识别失败img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black")img.show()if __name__ == "__main__":make_qrcode()

在这里我们定义了一个make_qrcode的函数，作用是生成二维码，可以发现，在该函数最后一行调用了show方法，作用是显示二维码

注意！ 程序运行的函数发生改变，请注意更改

我们来看看运行后是怎样的效果

我们扫描生成的二维码会发现使用的协议是网页端的

至此我们已经成功一大半了吧

如果你要用作qq机器人的话还需要加个二维码状态判断，这里给大家总结一下我发现的各种二维码状态码及对应状态

这里给大家贴上我总结的状态码对照表

那么二维码搞定了，接下来该如何进行？

我们需要保存扫码完成后的cookie值，像这样

import json
import httpx
import qrcode
import osdef get_qrurl() -> list:"""返回qrcode链接以及token"""with httpx.Client() as client:headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36 QIHU 360SE'}url = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/x/passport-login/web/qrcode/generate?source=main-fe-header'data = client.get(url=url, headers=headers)total_data = data.json()qrcode_url = total_data['data']['url']qrcode_key = total_data['data']['qrcode_key']data = {}data['url'] = qrcode_urldata['qrcode_key'] = qrcode_keyreturn datadef make_qrcode(data):"""制作二维码"""qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=5,error_correction=qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_L,box_size=10,border=4,)qr.add_data(data['url'])qr.make(fit=True)# fill_color和back_color分别控制前景颜色和背景颜色，支持输入RGB色，注意颜色更改可能会导致二维码扫描识别失败img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black")img.show()def sav_cookie(data, id):"""用于储存cookie"""try:with open(f'./bilibili_login/cookie/{id}.json', 'w') as f:json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False)except FileNotFoundError:os.mkdir('./bilibili_login/cookie')with open(f'./bilibili_login/cookie/{id}.json', 'w') as f:json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False)def main_run():"""主函数"""data = get_qrurl()token = data['qrcode_key']make_qrcode(data)with httpx.Client() as client:headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36 QIHU 360SE'}url = f"https://passport.bilibili.com/x/passport-login/web/qrcode/poll?qrcode_key={token}&source=main-fe-header"data_login = client.get(url=url, headers=headers)  # 请求二维码状态data_login = json.loads(data_login.text)code = int(data_login['data']['code'])if code == 0:cookie = dict(client.cookies)sav_cookie(cookie, 'test')if __name__ == "__main__":main_run()

运行完毕后会在当前脚本目录下生成一个bilibili_login文件夹，里面有cookie文件夹，里面拥有一个test.json存放用户的cookie，这样我们便完成了cookie的获取以及存储，接下来就是带着cookie访问哔哩哔哩获取个人信息了

我们先定义一个读取cookie的函数，像这样

def load_cookie(id) -> dict:"""用于加载cookie"""try:file = open(f'./bilibili_login/cookie/test.json', 'r')cookie = dict(json.load(file))except FileNotFoundError:msg = '未查询到用户文件，请确认资源完整'cookie = 'null'print(msg)return cookie

接着我们定义一个person函数，用作返回个人信息，像这样

def person():"""获取个人资料"""url = 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/nav'cookie = load_cookie()with httpx.Client() as client:headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36 QIHU 360SE'}data = client.get(url=url, headers=headers, cookies=cookie)data = data.json()person_data = data['data']  # 获取个人信息user_name = person_data['uname']  # 用户名coin_num = str(person_data['money'])  # 硬币数量level = str(person_data['level_info']['current_level'])  # 等级face = str(person_data['face'])  # 头像链接print(person_data)

一切准备就绪！我们试着运行一下，可以看到返回的个人数据是json格式的，这里就不展示了，还请各位大佬自行尝试

好的，我们贴上完整代码

import json
import httpx
import qrcode
import osdef get_qrurl() -> list:"""返回qrcode链接以及token"""with httpx.Client() as client:headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36 QIHU 360SE'}url = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/x/passport-login/web/qrcode/generate?source=main-fe-header'data = client.get(url=url, headers=headers)total_data = data.json()qrcode_url = total_data['data']['url']qrcode_key = total_data['data']['qrcode_key']data = {}data['url'] = qrcode_urldata['qrcode_key'] = qrcode_keyreturn datadef make_qrcode(data):"""制作二维码"""qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=5,error_correction=qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_L,box_size=10,border=4,)qr.add_data(data['url'])qr.make(fit=True)# fill_color和back_color分别控制前景颜色和背景颜色，支持输入RGB色，注意颜色更改可能会导致二维码扫描识别失败img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black")img.show()def sav_cookie(data, id):"""用于储存cookie"""try:with open(f'./bilibili_login/cookie/{id}.json', 'w') as f:json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False)except FileNotFoundError:os.mkdir('./bilibili_login/cookie')with open(f'./bilibili_login/cookie/{id}.json', 'w') as f:json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False)def main_run():"""主函数"""data = get_qrurl()token = data['qrcode_key']make_qrcode(data)with httpx.Client() as client:headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36 QIHU 360SE'}url = f"https://passport.bilibili.com/x/passport-login/web/qrcode/poll?qrcode_key={token}&source=main-fe-header"data_login = client.get(url=url, headers=headers)  # 请求二维码状态data_login = json.loads(data_login.text)code = int(data_login['data']['code'])if code == 0:cookie = dict(client.cookies)sav_cookie(cookie, 'test')def load_cookie() -> dict:"""用于加载cookie"""try:file = open(f'./bilibili_login/cookie/test.json', 'r')cookie = dict(json.load(file))except FileNotFoundError:msg = '未查询到用户文件，请确认资源完整'cookie = 'null'print(msg)return cookiedef person():"""获取个人资料"""url = 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/nav'cookie = load_cookie()with httpx.Client() as client:headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36 QIHU 360SE'}data = client.get(url=url, headers=headers, cookies=cookie)data = data.json()person_data = data['data']  # 获取个人信息user_name = person_data['uname']  # 用户名coin_num = str(person_data['money'])  # 硬币数量level = str(person_data['level_info']['current_level'])  # 等级face = str(person_data['face'])  # 头像链接print(person_data)if __name__ == "__main__":person()