前言

改进过程一

增加提示信息

原版帮助摘要

pygame.draw

pygame.font

class Rect

class Surface

改进过程二

增加显示得分

改进过程三

增加背景景乐

增加提示音效

音乐切换

静音切换

mixer.music.play 注意事项

原版帮助摘要

pygame.mixer

pygame.mixer.Sound

小结

pygame编程框架

前言

在上一篇博文里，从讯飞星火中获取到游戏“贪吃蛇”的代码，运行效果如上图。代码并不完整，当蛇死了就退出游戏，不能多次玩这个游戏。

前文链接：

讯飞星火、文心一言和通义千问同时编“贪吃蛇”游戏，谁会胜出？

代码如下：

import pygame
import sys
import random# 定义颜色
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED  = (255, 0, 0)
GREY = (211, 211, 211)  # 淡灰色def init():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamepygame.init()# 设置屏幕大小screen_size = (640, 480)screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 设置游戏标题pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇")# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos = [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos = [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed = [20, 0]def repaint():# 绘制游戏界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定义线段的端点坐标x,y = (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19+i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函数绘制线段points = list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 线宽为1points = list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1)   # 重画蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 主循环while True:# 处理游戏事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:snake_speed = [0, -20]elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed = [0, 20]elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed = [-20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed = [20, 0]# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] + snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] + snake_speed[1]])# 检查蛇头是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:food_pos = [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 检查蛇头是否碰到墙壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] < 0 or snake_pos[0][0] >= screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] < 0 or snake_pos[0][1] >= screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:game_quit()'''此处可增加与用户的交互，如：if askyesno('title','again?'):init() # Yes to Play againelse:game_quit() # No to Exit'''# 重画界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戏速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ == "__main__":init()main()

改进过程一

增加提示信息

之前没有仔细学过pygame的编程，刚好拿这例程练练手，在不断改进中学习pygame编程。

原代码一执行，蛇就开始游动了，就从这里入手。开始前，增加显示“按任意键开始...”的提示。

蛇死后，提醒是否重来？Yes to play again, No to quit game.

同时，在游戏中允许按ESC键暂停游戏，再按一次继续。

由于没查到 pygame 有弹出信息窗口的方法(函数)，于是用了DOS时代显示信息窗口的办法，画多个矩形窗口来模拟窗口，最后在矩形框上写上提示文字。代码如下：

def show_msg(msg, color = BLUE):
x = screen.get_rect().centerx
y = screen.get_rect().centery - 50
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)
text = font.render(msg, True, color)
text_rect = text.get_rect()
text_rect.centerx = x
text_rect.centery = y
rectangle1 = pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)
rectangle2 = pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 边框宽为2
screen.blit(text, text_rect)
pygame.display.flip()

原版帮助摘要

pygame.draw

NAME
pygame.draw - pygame module for drawing shapes

FUNCTIONS
aaline(...)
aaline(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos) -> Rect
aaline(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos, blend=1) -> Rect
draw a straight antialiased line

aalines(...)
aalines(surface, color, closed, points) -> Rect
aalines(surface, color, closed, points, blend=1) -> Rect
draw multiple contiguous straight antialiased line segments

arc(...)
arc(surface, color, rect, start_angle, stop_angle) -> Rect
arc(surface, color, rect, start_angle, stop_angle, width=1) -> Rect
draw an elliptical arc

circle(...)
circle(surface, color, center, radius) -> Rect
circle(surface, color, center, radius, width=0, draw_top_right=None, draw_top_left=None, draw_bottom_left=None, draw_bottom_right=None) -> Rect
draw a circle

ellipse(...)
ellipse(surface, color, rect) -> Rect
ellipse(surface, color, rect, width=0) -> Rect
draw an ellipse

line(...)
line(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos) -> Rect
line(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos, width=1) -> Rect
draw a straight line

lines(...)
lines(surface, color, closed, points) -> Rect
lines(surface, color, closed, points, width=1) -> Rect
draw multiple contiguous straight line segments

polygon(...)
polygon(surface, color, points) -> Rect
polygon(surface, color, points, width=0) -> Rect
draw a polygon

rect(...)
rect(surface, color, rect) -> Rect
rect(surface, color, rect, width=0, border_radius=0, border_top_left_radius=-1, border_top_right_radius=-1, border_bottom_left_radius=-1, border_bottom_right_radius=-1) -> Rect
draw a rectangle

pygame.font

NAME
pygame.font - pygame module for loading and rendering fonts

CLASSES
builtins.object
Font

class Font(builtins.object)
| Font(file_path=None, size=12) -> Font
| Font(file_path, size) -> Font
| Font(pathlib.Path, size) -> Font
| Font(object, size) -> Font
| create a new Font object from a file
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)
| Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
|
| get_ascent(...)
| get_ascent() -> int
| get the ascent of the font
|
| get_bold(...)
| get_bold() -> bool
| check if text will be rendered bold
|
| get_descent(...)
| get_descent() -> int
| get the descent of the font
|
| get_height(...)
| get_height() -> int
| get the height of the font
|
| get_italic(...)
| get_italic() -> bool
| check if the text will be rendered italic
|
| get_linesize(...)
| get_linesize() -> int
| get the line space of the font text
|
| get_strikethrough(...)
| get_strikethrough() -> bool
| check if text will be rendered with a strikethrough
|
| get_underline(...)
| get_underline() -> bool
| check if text will be rendered with an underline
|
| metrics(...)
| metrics(text) -> list
| gets the metrics for each character in the passed string
|
| render(...)
| render(text, antialias, color, background=None) -> Surface
| draw text on a new Surface
|
| set_bold(...)
| set_bold(bool) -> None
| enable fake rendering of bold text
|
| set_italic(...)
| set_italic(bool) -> None
| enable fake rendering of italic text
|
| set_script(...)
| set_script(str) -> None
| set the script code for text shaping
|
| set_strikethrough(...)
| set_strikethrough(bool) -> None
| control if text is rendered with a strikethrough
|
| set_underline(...)
| set_underline(bool) -> None
| control if text is rendered with an underline
|
| size(...)
| size(text) -> (width, height)
| determine the amount of space needed to render text
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| bold
| bold -> bool
| Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered in (faked) bold.
|
| italic
| italic -> bool
| Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered in (faked) italics.
|
| strikethrough
| strikethrough -> bool
| Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered with a strikethrough.
|
| underline
| underline -> bool
| Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered with an underline.

class Rect

Help on class Rect in module pygame.rect:

class Surface

另外增加了3个状态变量，初始状态为：

is_running = False
is_paused = False
is_dead = False

增加了4个按键判别：

is_dead时，判断重新开始还是退出游戏

pygame.K_y: 字母Y/y
pygame.K_n: 字母N/n

暂停和恢复

pygame.K_ESCAPE: Esc键
pygame.K_SPACE: 空格键

完整代码如下：

import pygame
import sys
import random# 定义颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE  = (0, 0, 255)
GREY  = (220, 220, 220)  # 淡灰色
DARK  = (120, 120, 120)  # 深灰色def init():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamepygame.init()# 设置屏幕大小screen_size = (640, 480)screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 设置游戏标题pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇")# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos = [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos = [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed = [20, 0]def show_msg(msg, color = BLUE):x = screen.get_rect().centerxy = screen.get_rect().centery - 50font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)text = font.render(msg, True, color)text_rect = text.get_rect()text_rect.centerx = xtext_rect.centery = yrectangle1 = pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)rectangle2 = pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 边框宽为2screen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def repaint():# 绘制游戏界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定义线段的端点坐标x,y = (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19+i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函数绘制线段points = list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 线宽为1points = list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1)   # 重画蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speedis_running = Falseis_paused = Falseis_dead = Falserepaint()show_msg("Press any key to start ...")# 主循环while True:# 处理游戏事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:snake_speed = [0, -20]elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed = [0, 20]elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed = [-20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed = [20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_y:if is_dead:init()is_dead = Falseis_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_n:if is_dead: game_quit()else: is_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:if is_running:show_msg(">>> Paused <<<")is_paused = not is_pausedelse: # 任意键进入开始状态is_running = Trueif not is_running: continueif is_paused and is_running: continue# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] + snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] + snake_speed[1]])# 检查蛇头是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:food_pos = [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 检查蛇头是否碰到墙壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] < 0 or snake_pos[0][0] >= screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] < 0 or snake_pos[0][1] >= screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:show_msg("Dead! Again? (Y or N)")is_running = Falseis_dead = Truecontinue# 重画界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戏速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ == "__main__":init()main()

改进过程二

增加显示得分

每吃到一个食物+10分，蛇长和食物靠近边界会有额外加分；顺带显示出蛇的坐标位置。

函数show_msg_at()，比show_msg增加x,y坐标，把信息显示到指定的位置：

def show_msg_at(x, y, msg):
font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 14) # 使用系统字库
text = font.render(msg, True, BLACK)
text_rect = text.get_rect()
text_rect.x, text_rect.y = x, y
screen.blit(text, text_rect)
pygame.display.flip()

另外新增一个全局变量 scores，当碰到食物时加10分，蛇长超过5以及食物靠近边界的距离小3会有额外加分，规则可以自己定，例如：

if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:
scores += 10 + len(snake_pos) // 5
if not 1 < snake_pos[0][0]//20 < 30 or not 1 < snake_pos[0][1]//20 < 22:
scores += 5

完整代码如下：

import pygame
import sys
import random# 定义颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE  = (0, 0, 255)
GREY  = (220, 220, 220)  # 淡灰色
DARK  = (120, 120, 120)  # 深灰色def init():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamescores = 0pygame.init()# 设置屏幕大小screen_size = (640, 480)screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 设置游戏标题pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇")# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos = [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos = [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed = [20, 0]def show_msg(msg, color = BLUE):x = screen.get_rect().centerxy = screen.get_rect().centery - 50font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)text = font.render(msg, True, color)text_rect = text.get_rect()text_rect.centerx = xtext_rect.centery = yrectangle1 = pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)rectangle2 = pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 边框宽为2screen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def repaint():# 绘制游戏界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定义线段的端点坐标x,y = (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19+i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函数绘制线段points = list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 线宽为1points = list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1)   # 重画蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()show_msg_at(22, 6, f'Scores: {scores}')show_msg_at(410, 6, f'Snake coordinate: ({1+snake_pos[0][0]//20:2}, {1+snake_pos[0][1]//20:2})')def show_msg_at(x, y, msg):font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 14)text = font.render(msg, True, BLACK)text_rect = text.get_rect()text_rect.x, text_rect.y = x, yscreen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speedis_running = Falseis_paused = Falseis_dead = Falserepaint()show_msg("Press any key to start ...")# 主循环while True:# 处理游戏事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:snake_speed = [0, -20]elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed = [0, 20]elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed = [-20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed = [20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_y:if is_dead:init()is_dead = Falseis_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_n:if is_dead: game_quit()else: is_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:if is_dead: continueif is_paused: is_paused = Falseis_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:if is_running:show_msg(">>> Paused <<<")is_paused = not is_pausedelse: # 任意键进入开始状态if is_dead: continueis_running = Trueif not is_running: continueif is_paused and is_running: continue# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] + snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] + snake_speed[1]])# 检查蛇头是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:scores += 10 + len(snake_pos) // 5if not 1 < snake_pos[0][0]//20 < 30 or not 1 < snake_pos[0][1]//20 < 22:scores += 5 food_pos = [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 检查蛇头是否碰到墙壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] < 0 or snake_pos[0][0] >= screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] < 0 or snake_pos[0][1] >= screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:show_msg("Dead! Again? (Y or N)")is_running = Falseis_dead = Truecontinue# 重画界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戏速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ == "__main__":init()main()

改进过程三

增加背景景乐

def play_music(mp3, volume = 1, loops = -1):
# 初始化pygame的mixer模块
pygame.mixer.init()
# 加载音乐文件
pygame.mixer.music.load(mp3)
# 控制音量 volume = 0~1，1为最高音量
pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(volume)
# 播放音乐 loops = -1 为循环播放
pygame.mixer.music.play(loops)

增加提示音效

def play_sound(wav_no):
sound_fn = f'sound{wav_no}.wav'
if os.path.exists(sound_fn):
alert_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(sound_fn)
alert_sound.play()

音乐切换

快捷键 Ctrl+M

elif event.key == pygame.K_m and event.mod & pygame.KMOD_CTRL:
# Ctrl+M 切换背景音乐
is_mute = False
music_no = 1 if music_no == 3 else music_no + 1
music_fn = f"voice{music_no}.mp3"
if os.path.exists(music_fn):
t = threading.Thread(target=play_music, args=(music_fn,0.8,))
t.start()

静音切换

快捷键 Ctrl+S

elif event.key == pygame.K_s and event.mod & pygame.KMOD_CTRL:
# Ctrl+S 切换静音状态
is_mute = not is_mute
if is_mute:
pygame.mixer.music.pause()
else:
pygame.mixer.music.unpause()

mixer.music.play 注意事项

1. pygame.mixer.music.play() 只能播放pygame支持的音频格式，包括WAV, MP3等。

2. 如果音频文件未找到或无法读取，pygame.mixer.music.play( ) 会抛出一个异常。使用需要确保音频文件的路径正确，且文件存在。导入os库，用os.path.exists(music_file) 判断文件是否存在。

3. pygame.mixer.music.play() 是一个阻塞函数，在音频播放期间程序将不会执行其他操作。如果需要在播放同时执行其他操作，需要在一个单独的线程中调用pygame.mixer.music.play()。

4. 多线程需要导入threading库，例如：

t = threading.Thread(target=play_music, args=(music_fn,0.8,))
t.start()

原版帮助摘要

pygame.mixer

NAME
pygame.mixer_music - pygame module for controlling streamed audio

FUNCTIONS
fadeout(...)
fadeout(time) -> None
stop music playback after fading out

get_busy(...)
get_busy() -> bool
check if the music stream is playing

get_endevent(...)
get_endevent() -> type
get the event a channel sends when playback stops

get_pos(...)
get_pos() -> time
get the music play time

get_volume(...)
get_volume() -> value
get the music volume

load(...)
load(filename) -> None
load(fileobj, namehint=) -> None
Load a music file for playback

pause(...)
pause() -> None
temporarily stop music playback

play(...)
play(loops=0, start=0.0, fade_ms=0) -> None
Start the playback of the music stream

queue(...)
queue(filename) -> None
queue(fileobj, namehint=, loops=0) -> None
queue a sound file to follow the current

rewind(...)
rewind() -> None
restart music

set_endevent(...)
set_endevent() -> None
set_endevent(type) -> None
have the music send an event when playback stops

set_pos(...)
set_pos(pos) -> None
set position to play from

set_volume(...)
set_volume(volume) -> None
set the music volume

stop(...)
stop() -> None
stop the music playback

unload(...)
unload() -> None
Unload the currently loaded music to free up resources

unpause(...)
unpause() -> None
resume paused music

pygame.mixer.Sound

完整代码：

import pygame
import sys, os
import random
import threading# 定义颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE  = (0, 0, 255)
GREY  = (220, 220, 220)  # 淡灰色
DARK  = (120, 120, 120)  # 深灰色def init():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamescores = 0pygame.init()# 设置屏幕大小screen_size = (640, 480)screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 设置游戏标题pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇")# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos = [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos = [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed = [20, 0]def play_music(mp3, volume = 1, loops = -1):# 初始化pygame的mixer模块pygame.mixer.init()# 加载音乐文件pygame.mixer.music.load(mp3)# 控制音量pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(volume)# 播放音乐pygame.mixer.music.play(loops)def play_sound(wav_no):sound_fn = f'sound{wav_no}.wav'if os.path.exists(sound_fn):alert_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(sound_fn)alert_sound.play()def show_msg(msg, color = BLUE):x = screen.get_rect().centerxy = screen.get_rect().centery - 50font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)text = font.render(msg, True, color)text_rect = text.get_rect()text_rect.centerx = xtext_rect.centery = yrectangle1 = pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)rectangle2 = pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 边框宽为2screen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def repaint():# 绘制游戏界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定义线段的端点坐标x,y = (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19+i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函数绘制线段points = list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 线宽为1points = list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1)   # 重画蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()show_msg_at(22, 6, f'Scores: {scores}')show_msg_at(410, 6, f'Snake coordinate: ({1+snake_pos[0][0]//20:2}, {1+snake_pos[0][1]//20:2})')def show_msg_at(x, y, msg):font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 14)text = font.render(msg, True, BLACK)text_rect = text.get_rect()text_rect.x, text_rect.y = x, yscreen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speedis_running = Falseis_paused = Falseis_dead = Falseis_mute = Falserepaint()show_msg("Press any key to start ...")# 创建一个线程来播放音乐music_no = 1music_fn = "voice1.mp3"if os.path.exists(music_fn):t = threading.Thread(target=play_music, args=(music_fn,0.8,))t.start()# 主循环while True:# 处理游戏事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:snake_speed = [0, -20]elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed = [0, 20]elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed = [-20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed = [20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_y:if is_dead:init()is_dead = Falseis_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_n:if is_dead: game_quit()else: is_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:if is_dead: continueif is_paused: is_paused = Falseis_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:if is_running:show_msg(">>> Paused <<<")is_paused = not is_pausedif not is_mute and is_paused: play_sound(1)elif event.key == pygame.K_m and event.mod & pygame.KMOD_CTRL:# Ctrl+M 切换背景音乐is_mute = Falsemusic_no = 1 if music_no == 3 else music_no + 1music_fn = f"voice{music_no}.mp3"if os.path.exists(music_fn):t = threading.Thread(target=play_music, args=(music_fn,0.8,))t.start()elif event.key == pygame.K_s and event.mod & pygame.KMOD_CTRL:# Ctrl+S 切换静音状态is_mute = not is_muteif is_mute:pygame.mixer.music.pause()else:pygame.mixer.music.unpause()is_running = Trueelse: # 任意键进入开始状态if is_dead: continueis_running = Trueif not is_running: continueif is_paused and is_running: continue# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] + snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] + snake_speed[1]])# 检查蛇头是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:scores += 10 + len(snake_pos) // 5if not 1 < snake_pos[0][0]//20 < 30 or not 1 < snake_pos[0][1]//20 < 22:scores += 5if not is_mute: play_sound(2)food_pos = [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 检查蛇头是否碰到墙壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] < 0 or snake_pos[0][0] >= screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] < 0 or snake_pos[0][1] >= screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:show_msg("Dead! Again? (Y or N)")is_running = Falseis_dead = Trueif not is_mute: play_sound(3)continue# 重画界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戏速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ == "__main__":init()main()

小结

本文以贪吃蛇游戏为例，对pygame编程的一个简单框架进行了深入的学习，包括对画图、字体、音乐等各个方面操作的各种方法和函数，学习后在pygame这方面的编程能力有所长进提高。

pygame编程框架

import pygame
import sys# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()# 设置窗口大小
screen_size = (800, 600)# 创建窗口
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 设置窗口标题
pygame.display.set_caption("Pygame Example")# 主循环
while True:# 处理事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()elif event.type == ...... // 处理按键事件# 填充背景色screen.fill((255, 255, 255))# 绘制矩形pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 255), (400, 300, 100, 50))# 更新显示pygame.display.flip()

最终版的源代码及音乐文件列表如下：