目录
成为死信的条件
消息TTL过期
队列达到最大长度
消息被拒
延迟队列
延迟队列使用场景
消息设置 TTL
队列设置 TTL
两者区别
producer 将消息投递到 broker 或者直接到 queue 里了, consumer 从 queue 取出消息进行消费,但某些时候由于特定的 原因导致 queue 中的某些消息无法被消费 ,这样的消息如果没有后续的处理,就变成了死信,有死信自然就有了死信队列。
成为死信的条件
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超过消息的存活时间(TTL):可以为消息设置一个存活时间,在该时间段之后,如果消息还未被消费或者被重新投递到其他队列,该消息将成为死信。
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消息被拒绝(Reject):当消息被消费者拒绝接收时,可以选择将该消息重新投递到另一个队列或将其标记为死信。
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消息达到最大重试次数:可以通过在消费者端设置重试次数限制,当消息达到一定的重试次数而仍然无法被消费时,该消息将成为死信。
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队列满溢(Queue Overflow):当一个队列的消息数量已经超过队列的最大容量限制时,新消息无法进入队列,而被视为死信。
消息TTL过期
生产者
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;public class Producer {private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {try (Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel()) {channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);//设置消息的 TTL 时间AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();//该信息是用作演示队列个数限制for (int i = 1; i <11 ; i++) {String message="info"+i;channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", properties,message.getBytes());System.out.println("生产者发送消息:"+message);}}}
}
消费者1
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class Consumer01 {//普通交换机名称private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";//死信交换机名称private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();//声明死信和普通交换机 类型为 directchannel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);//声明死信队列String deadQueue = "dead-queue";channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);//死信队列绑定死信交换机与 routingkeychannel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");//正常队列绑定死信队列信息Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();//正常队列设置死信交换机 参数 key 是固定值params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);//正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数 key 是固定值params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");String normalQueue = "normal-queue";channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, params);channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");System.out.println("等待接收消息.....");DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息"+message);};channel.basicConsume(normalQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});}
}
消费者2
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;public class Consumer02 {private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);String deadQueue = "dead-queue";channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");System.out.println("等待接收死信队列消息.....");DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");System.out.println("Consumer02 接收死信队列的消息" + message);};channel.basicConsume(deadQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});}
}
关闭消费者1,模拟出故障
正常队列
消息超时进入死信队列
死信队列接收信息
队列达到最大长度
生产者
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;public class Producer {private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {try (Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel()) {channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);//该信息是用作演示队列个数限制for (int i = 1; i <11 ; i++) {String message="info"+i;channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan",null, message.getBytes());System.out.println("生产者发送消息:"+message);}}}
}
消费者1
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class Consumer01 {//普通交换机名称private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";//死信交换机名称private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();//声明死信和普通交换机 类型为 directchannel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);//声明死信队列String deadQueue = "dead-queue";channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);//死信队列绑定死信交换机与 routingkeychannel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");//正常队列绑定死信队列信息Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();//正常队列设置死信交换机 参数 key 是固定值params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);//正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数 key 是固定值params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");// 设置正常队列长度的限制params.put("x-max-length",6);String normalQueue = "normal-queue";channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, params);channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");System.out.println("等待接收消息.....");DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息"+message);};channel.basicConsume(normalQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});}
}
消费者2
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;public class Consumer02 {private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);String deadQueue = "dead-queue";channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");System.out.println("等待接收死信队列消息.....");DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");System.out.println("Consumer02 接收死信队列的消息" + message);};channel.basicConsume(deadQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});}
}
关闭消费者1,模拟接收不到信息
死信队列消费了四个消息
分析:生产者产生10个消息,正常队列只能接受6个消息,多的消息便被转移到死信队列去了
消息被拒
生产者
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;public class Producer {private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {try (Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel()) {channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);//该信息是用作演示队列个数限制for (int i = 1; i <11 ; i++) {String message="info"+i;channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan",null, message.getBytes());System.out.println("生产者发送消息:"+message);}}}
}
消费者1
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class Consumer01 {//普通交换机名称private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";//死信交换机名称private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();//声明死信和普通交换机 类型为 directchannel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);//声明死信队列String deadQueue = "dead-queue";channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);//死信队列绑定死信交换机与 routingkeychannel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");//正常队列绑定死信队列信息Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();//正常队列设置死信交换机 参数 key 是固定值params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);//正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数 key 是固定值params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");String normalQueue = "normal-queue";channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, params);channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");System.out.println("等待接收消息.....");DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");if(message.equals("info5")){System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息" + message + "并拒绝签收该消息");//requeue 设置为 false 代表拒绝重新入队 该队列如果配置了死信交换机将发送到死信队列中channel.basicReject(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}else {System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息"+message);channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}};boolean autoAck = false;channel.basicConsume(normalQueue, autoAck, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});}
}
消费者2
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;public class Consumer02 {private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);String deadQueue = "dead-queue";channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");System.out.println("等待接收死信队列消息.....");DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");System.out.println("Consumer02 接收死信队列的消息" + message);};channel.basicConsume(deadQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});}
}
结果
消费者1,拒绝接受消息info5,info5进入死信队列
消费者2,死信队列接受到info5
延迟队列
延时队列 , 队列内部是有序的,最重要的特性就体现在它的延时属性上,延时队列中的元素是希望
在指定时间到了以后或之前取出和处理,简单来说,延时队列就是用来存放需要在指定时间被处理的 元素的队列。
延迟队列使用场景
1. 订单在十分钟之内未支付则自动取消
2. 新创建的店铺,如果在十天内都没有上传过商品,则自动发送消息提醒。
3. 用户注册成功后,如果三天内没有登陆则进行短信提醒。
4. 用户发起退款,如果三天内没有得到处理则通知相关运营人员。
5. 预定会议后,需要在预定的时间点前十分钟通知各个与会人员参加会议
消息设置 TTL
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;public class Producer {private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {try (Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel()) {channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);//设置消息的 TTL 时间AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();//该信息是用作演示队列个数限制for (int i = 1; i <11 ; i++) {String message="info"+i;channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", properties,message.getBytes());System.out.println("生产者发送消息:"+message);}}}
}
队列设置 TTL
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class Consumer01 {//普通交换机名称private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";//死信交换机名称private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();//声明死信和普通交换机 类型为 directchannel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);//声明死信队列String deadQueue = "dead-queue";channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);//死信队列绑定死信交换机与 routingkeychannel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");//正常队列绑定死信队列信息Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();//正常队列设置死信交换机 参数 key 是固定值params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);//正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数 key 是固定值params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");// 设置 TTL 值为 5000 毫秒(5 秒)params.put("x-message-ttl", 5000);String normalQueue = "normal-queue";channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, params);channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");System.out.println("等待接收消息.....");DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");if(message.equals("info5")){System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息" + message + "并拒绝签收该消息");//requeue 设置为 false 代表拒绝重新入队 该队列如果配置了死信交换机将发送到死信队列中channel.basicReject(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}else {System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息"+message);channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}};boolean autoAck = false;channel.basicConsume(normalQueue, autoAck, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});}
}
两者区别
如果设置了队列的 TTL 属性,那么一旦消息过期,就会被队列丢弃 ( 如果配置了死信队列被丢到死信队列中) ,而第二种方式,消息即使过期,也不一定会被马上丢弃,因为 消息是否过期是在即将投递到消费者 之前判定的 ,如果当前队列有严重的消息积压情况,则已过期的消息也许还能存活较长时间;另外,还需 要注意的一点是,如果不设置 TTL ,表示消息永远不会过期,如果将 TTL 设置为 0 ,则表示除非此时可以 直接投递该消息到消费者,否则该消息将会被丢弃。