文章目录
- 前言
- 一、如何实现?
- 1、添加依赖
- (1)、nuget安装winmm的封装库
- (2)、补充接口
- 2、定义实体
- 3、实现枚举
- 二、完整代码
- 三、使用示例
- 总结
前言
使用C#做音频录制时需要获取音频设备信息,比如使用ffmpeg进行录制需要先获取音频设备名称,再Windows上获取音频设备的方法有不少,其中比较简单的就是使用winmm,这是一套比较旧的api但是使用方法简单,当然有个缺陷就是音频名称不能超过32个字符,超过会被截断,当然如果作为winmm的采集或播放配套使用则不会有问题。
一、如何实现?
需要先导入winmm的api,以及定义存放音频设备信息的实体,最后通过调用api实现枚举设备功能。
1、添加依赖
由于编写dllimport比较麻烦,而且nuget已经有封装好的库,所以没必要重复造轮子,直接nuget安装然后补充一些必要的接口即可。
(1)、nuget安装winmm的封装库
(2)、补充接口
由于Vanara.PInvoke.Multimedia对waveInGetDevCaps和waveOutGetDevCaps导入的有点问题,所以需要自己dllimport。还需要添加一些相关的枚举用于获取声音格式。
[DllImport("winmm.dll")]
public static extern MMRESULT waveInGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEINCAPS pwic, uint cbwic);
[DllImport("winmm.dll")]
public static extern MMRESULT waveOutGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEOUTCAPS pwoc, uint cbwoc);
public enum DWFormats
{WAVE_INVALIDFORMAT = 0x00000000, /* invalid format */WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 = 0x00000001, /* 11.025 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 = 0x00000002, /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_1M16 = 0x00000004, /* 11.025 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_1S16 = 0x00000008, /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 = 0x00000010, /* 22.05 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 = 0x00000020, /* 22.05 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_2M16 = 0x00000040, /* 22.05 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_2S16 = 0x00000080, /* 22.05 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 = 0x00000100, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 = 0x00000200, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_4M16 = 0x00000400, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_4S16 = 0x00000800, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_44M08 = 0x00000100, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_44S08 = 0x00000200, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_44M16 = 0x00000400, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_44S16 = 0x00000800, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_48M08 = 0x00001000, /* 48 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_48S08 = 0x00002000, /* 48 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_48M16 = 0x00004000, /* 48 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_48S16 = 0x00008000, /* 48 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 = 0x00010000, /* 96 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 = 0x00020000, /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 = 0x00040000, /* 96 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 = 0x00080000, /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
}
2、定义实体
需要定义声音格式
class SampleFormat
{/// <summary>/// 声道数/// </summary>public ushort Channels { set; get; }/// <summary>/// 采样率/// </summary>public uint SampleRate { set; get; }/// <summary>/// 位深/// </summary>public ushort BitsPerSample { set; get; }
};
以及声音设备实体
class AudioDevice
{/// <summary>/// 设备Id/// </summary>public uint Id { set; get; }/// <summary>/// 设备名称/// </summary>public string Name { set; get; } = "";/// <summary>/// 声道数/// </summary>public int Channels { set; get; }/// <summary>/// 支持的格式/// </summary>public IEnumerable<SampleFormat>? SupportedFormats { set; get; }
};
3、实现枚举
音频采集设备
/// <summary>
/// 枚举声音采集设备
/// </summary>
public static IEnumerable<AudioDevice> WaveInDevices
{get{var deviceCount = waveInGetNumDevs();for (uint i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++){var sd = GetWaveInDeviceById(i);if (sd != null) yield return sd;}}
}
/// <summary>
/// 通过id获取声音采集设备信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">设备id</param>
/// <returns>设备对象</returns>
public static AudioDevice? GetWaveInDeviceById(uint id)
{WAVEINCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息var result = waveInGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEINCAPS>());if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();sd.Id = id;sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;sd.Name = pwic.szPname;sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);return sd;
}
音频播放设备
/// <summary>/// 枚举声音播放设备/// </summary>public static IEnumerable<AudioDevice> WaveOutDevices{get{var deviceCount = waveOutGetNumDevs();for (uint i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++){var sd = GetWaveOutDeviceById(i);if (sd != null) yield return sd;}}}
/// <summary>
/// 通过id获取声音播放设备信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">设备id</param>
/// <returns>设备对象</returns>
public static AudioDevice? GetWaveOutDeviceById(uint id)
{WAVEOUTCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息var result = waveOutGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEOUTCAPS>());if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();sd.Id = id;sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;sd.Name = pwic.szPname;sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);return sd;
}
二、完整代码
.net 7.0
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using static Vanara.PInvoke.WinMm;
/************************************************************************
* @Project: AC::Winmm
* @Decription: 音频设备枚举
* @Verision: v1.0.0.0
* @Author: Xin Nie
* @Create: 2023/10/8 09:27:00
* @LastUpdate: 2023/10/8 15:04:00
************************************************************************
* Copyright @ 2025. All rights reserved.
************************************************************************/
namespace AC
{class Winmm{/// <summary>/// 枚举声音采集设备/// </summary>public static IEnumerable<AudioDevice> WaveInDevices{get{var deviceCount = waveInGetNumDevs();for (uint i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++){var sd = GetWaveInDeviceById(i);if (sd != null) yield return sd;}}}/// <summary>/// 枚举声音播放设备/// </summary>public static IEnumerable<AudioDevice> WaveOutDevices{get{var deviceCount = waveOutGetNumDevs();for (uint i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++){var sd = GetWaveOutDeviceById(i);if (sd != null) yield return sd;}}}/// <summary>/// 通过id获取声音采集设备信息/// </summary>/// <param name="id">设备id</param>/// <returns>设备对象</returns>public static AudioDevice? GetWaveInDeviceById(uint id){WAVEINCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息var result = waveInGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEINCAPS>());if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();sd.Id = id;sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;sd.Name = pwic.szPname;sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);return sd;}/// <summary>/// 通过id获取声音播放设备信息/// </summary>/// <param name="id">设备id</param>/// <returns>设备对象</returns>public static AudioDevice? GetWaveOutDeviceById(uint id){WAVEOUTCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息var result = waveOutGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEOUTCAPS>());if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();sd.Id = id;sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;sd.Name = pwic.szPname;sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);return sd;}static List<SampleFormat> _GetSurportFormats(uint foramts){var sfs = new List<SampleFormat>();foreach (var j in Enum.GetValues<DWFormats>()){if ((foramts & (uint)j) != 0){var name = Enum.GetName(j)!.Split("_").Last();var sp = name.Substring(0, name.Length - 3);var ch = name.Substring(name.Length - 3, 1);var bp = name.Substring(name.Length - 2, 2);uint isp = 0;switch (sp){case "1": isp = 11025; break;case "2": isp = 22050; break;case "4": isp = 44100; break;case "44": isp = 44100; break;case "48": isp = 48000; break;case "96": isp = 96000; break;}sfs.Add(new SampleFormat() { Channels = (ushort)(ch == "S" ? 1 : 2), SampleRate = isp, BitsPerSample = ushort.Parse(bp) });}}return sfs;}public enum DWFormats{WAVE_INVALIDFORMAT = 0x00000000, /* invalid format */WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 = 0x00000001, /* 11.025 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 = 0x00000002, /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_1M16 = 0x00000004, /* 11.025 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_1S16 = 0x00000008, /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 = 0x00000010, /* 22.05 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 = 0x00000020, /* 22.05 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_2M16 = 0x00000040, /* 22.05 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_2S16 = 0x00000080, /* 22.05 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 = 0x00000100, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 = 0x00000200, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_4M16 = 0x00000400, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_4S16 = 0x00000800, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_44M08 = 0x00000100, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_44S08 = 0x00000200, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_44M16 = 0x00000400, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_44S16 = 0x00000800, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_48M08 = 0x00001000, /* 48 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_48S08 = 0x00002000, /* 48 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_48M16 = 0x00004000, /* 48 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_48S16 = 0x00008000, /* 48 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 = 0x00010000, /* 96 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 = 0x00020000, /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 = 0x00040000, /* 96 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 = 0x00080000, /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */}[DllImport("winmm.dll")]public static extern MMRESULT waveInGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEINCAPS pwic, uint cbwic);[DllImport("winmm.dll")]public static extern MMRESULT waveOutGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEOUTCAPS pwoc, uint cbwoc);}
}
三、使用示例
foreach (var i in Winmm.WaveInDevices)
{Console.WriteLine("音频采集设备" + i.Id + ":" + i.Name);
}
foreach (var i in Winmm.WaveOutDevices)
{ Console.WriteLine("音频播放设备"+i.Id+":" +i.Name);
}
总结
以上就是今天要讲的内容,使用winnm枚举设备还是比较简单的,唯一麻烦一点的地方就是支持格式的获取,但是通过C#使用字符串处理,实现也变得很简单。总的来说,这算是一种获取音频设备信息的方法,能够满足一些使用场景的需求。