1.3配置OSPF的网络类型
1.3.1实验3:配置P2P网络类型
- 实验需求
- 实现单区域OSPF的配置
- 实现通过display命令查看OSPF的网络类型
- 实验拓扑
实验拓扑如图1-11所示
图1-11 配置P2P网络类型
- 实验步骤
- 步骤1:[1] 配置IP地址
路由器R1[2] 的配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface s0/0/0
[R1-Serial0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24
[R1-Serial0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]quit
路由器R2[3] 的配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface s0/0/1
[R2-Serial0/0/1]ip address 12.1.1.2 24
[R2-Serial0/0/1]quit
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]quit
- 步骤2:[4] 运行OSPF
路由器R1的配置
[R1]ospf router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
路由器R2的配置
[R2]ospf router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
- 实验调试
- R1上查看S0/0/0的二层封装
[R1]display interface s0/0/0 //查看接口s0/0/0信息
Serial0/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2022-04-28 17:13:04 UTC-08:00
Description:
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 12.1.1.1/24
Link layer protocol is PPP //二层封装为PPP
LCP opened, IPCP opened
Last physical up time : 2022-04-28 17:08:25 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2022-04-28 17:08:22 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2022-04-28 17:19:13-08:00Interface is V35
Last 300 seconds input rate 7 bytes/sec, 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 9 bytes/sec, 0 packets/sec
Input: 3742 bytes, 169 Packets
Ouput: 4310 bytes, 177 Packets
Input bandwidth utilization : 0.08%
Output bandwidth utilization : 0.11%
- 在R1上查看OSPF的网络类型
[R1]display ospf interface s0/0/0
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Interfaces
Interface: 12.1.1.1 (Serial0/0/0) --> 12.1.1.2
Cost: 1562 State: P-2-P Type: P2P MTU: 1500
Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1
通过本实验可以看到,如果链路层封装的PPP,那么OSPF的网络类型为P2P。
1.3.2实验4:配置broadcast网络类型
1. 实验需求
- 控制OSPF DR的选举
- 实现通过display命令查看OSPF的网络类型
2. 实验拓扑
配置broadcast网络类型如图1-12所示。
图1-12 配置broadcast网络类
3. 实验步骤
- 配置IP地址
R1配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]quit
R2配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]quit
R3配置
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]quit
R4配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 32
[R4-LoopBack0]quit
- 运行OSPF
R1的配置
[R1]ospf router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R2的配置
[R2]ospf router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R3的配置
[R3]ospf router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R4的配置
[R4]ospf router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
4.实验调试
- 在R1上查看g0/0/0的二层封装
<R1>display interface g0/0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2022-04-28 17:42:07 UTC-08:00
Description:
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500
Internet Address is 10.1.1.1/24
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 5489-98ab-3a55
Last physical up time : 2022-04-28 17:41:34 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2022-04-28 17:41:23 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2022-04-28 18:06:52-08:00
Hardware address is 5489-98ab-3a55
Last 300 seconds input rate 82 bytes/sec, 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 9 bytes/sec, 0 packets/sec
Input: 106447 bytes, 962 packets
Output: 13822 bytes, 154 packets
Input:
Unicast: 14 packets, Multicast: 943 packets
Broadcast: 5 packets
Output:
Unicast: 17 packets, Multicast: 137 packets
Broadcast: 0 packets
Input bandwidth utilization : 0%
Output bandwidth utilization : 0%
通过以上输出可以看到二层封装的为PKTFMT_ETHNT_2
- 在R1上查看OSPF的网络类型
<R1>display ospf interface g0/0/0
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Interfaces
Interface: 10.1.1.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
Cost: 1 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500
Priority: 1
Designated Router: 10.1.1.1
Backup Designated Router: 10.1.1.2
Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1
通过以上输出可以看到二层封装为PKTFMT_ETHNT_2,那么OSPF的网络类型为broadcast。
【思考】10.1.1.1成为了DR,10.1.1.2成为了BDR。为什么?怎么操作才能让10.1.1.4成为DR,10.1.1.3成为BDR。
方法1:所有设备重启OSPF进程reset ospf 1 process
方法2:把R1和R2的接口的优先级设置为0[5]
1.3.3实验5:配置NBMA和P2MP网络类型
1. 实验需求
- 控制OSPF DR的选举
- 修改OSPF的网络类型
2. 实验拓扑
配置NBMA和P2MP网络类型实验拓扑如图1-13所示。
图1-13 配置NBMA和P2MP网络类型
3. 实验步骤
- 帧中继的配置如图1-14和图1-15所示
[6]
图1-14 帧中继的配置一
图1-15 帧中继的配置二
注意:帧中继的配置要在拓扑搭建前就要配置好,设备启动后不用做任何配置
- 配置IP地址
R1的配置
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface s0/0/0
[R1-Serial0/0/0]link-protocol fr //二层的封装协议为FR
Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed.
Continue? [Y/N]:y //选择Y
[R1-Serial0/0/0]fr map ip 10.1.1.2 102 broadcast //去10.1.1.2打上102的标记然后广播
[R1-Serial0/0/0]fr map ip 10.1.1.3 103 broadcast //去10.1.1.3打上102的标记然后广播
[R1-Serial0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24 //配置接口IP地址
[R1-Serial0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]quit
R2的配置
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface s0/0/0
[R2-Serial0/0/0]link-protocol fr
Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed.
Continue? [Y/N]:y
[R2-Serial0/0/0]fr map ip 10.1.1.1 201 broadcast
[R2-Serial0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.2 24
[R2-Serial0/0/0]quit
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 24
[R2-LoopBack0]quit
R3的配置
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface s0/0/0
[R3-Serial0/0/0]link-protocol fr
Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed.
Continue? [Y/N]:y
[R3-Serial0/0/0]fr map ip 10.1.1.1 301 broadcast
[R3-Serial0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.3 24
[R3-Serial0/0/0]quit
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 24
[R3-LoopBack0]quit
- 运行OSPF
R1的配置
[R1]ospf router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R2的配置
[R2]ospf router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R3的配置
[R3]ospf router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
4. 实验调试
- 在R1上查看OSPF的邻接关系
[R1]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
通过以上输出,可以看到OSPF没有任何邻接关系。
- 查看R1的OSPF的接口状态
[R1]display ospf interface s0/0/0
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Interfaces
Interface: 10.1.1.1 (Serial0/0/0)
Cost: 1562 State: DR Type: NBMA MTU: 1500
Priority: 1
Designated Router: 10.1.1.1
Backup Designated Router: 0.0.0.0
Timers: Hello 30 , Dead 120 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1
通过以上输出可以看到OSPF的网络类型为NBMA
【技术要点】
二层封装的为帧中继,在这样的网络上面运行 OSPF协议,默认的网络类型为NBMA,所以在帧中继的网络环境中布置OSPF要注意:
- NB代表不支持广播,OSPF的Hello包默认使用组播发送,但是NBMA不支持广播和组播,所以要单播建立邻居
- MA代表多路由访问,会选择DR和BDR,我们要让中心站点R1成为DR,没有必要选择BDR,因为中心站点出了问题,分支站点间也不能通信了
- 配置单播建立邻居
R1的配置
[R1]ospf
[R1-ospf-1]peer 10.1.1.2 //和10.1.1.2单播邻居
[R1-ospf-1]peer 10.1.1.3 //和10.1.1.3单播邻居
R2的配置
[R2]ospf
[R2-ospf-1]peer 10.1.1.1 //和10.1.1.1单播邻居
[R2-ospf-1]quit
R3的配置
[R3]ospf
[R3-ospf-1]peer 10.1.1.1 //和10.1.1.1单播邻居
[R3-ospf-1]quit
- 配置R1为DR,不选择BDR
R2的配置
[R2]interface s0/0/0
[R2-Serial0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0 //优先级设置为0
[R2-Serial0/0/0]quit
R3的配置
[R3]interface s0/0/0
[R3-Serial0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0 //优先级设置为0
[R3-Serial0/0/0]quit
- 在R1上查看OSPF的邻接关系
[R1]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 Serial0/0/0 2.2.2.2 Full
0.0.0.0 Serial0/0/0 3.3.3.3 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
通过以上输出可以看到R1与R2、R1与R3的邻居关系为full
- 删除(3)和(4)的配置
R1的配置
[R1]ospf
[R1-ospf-1]undo peer 10.1.1.2
[R1-ospf-1]undo peer 10.1.1.3
[R1-ospf-1]quit
R2的配置
[R2]ospf
[R2-ospf-1]undo peer 10.1.1.1
[R2-ospf-1]quit
R3的配置
[R3]ospf
[R3-ospf-1]undo peer 10.1.1.1
[R3-ospf-1]quit
查看OSPF的邻居关系
[R1]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
通过以上输出,可以看到OSPF的邻居关系为无
- 把网络类型改成P2MP
R1的配置
[R1]interface s0/0/0
[R1-Serial0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp //设置OSPF的网络类型为P2MP
[R1-Serial0/0/0]quit
R2的配置
[R2]interface s0/0/0
[R2-Serial0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp //设置OSPF的网络类型为P2MP
[R2-Serial0/0/0]quit
R3的配置
[R3]interface s0/0/0
[R3-Serial0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp //设置OSPF的网络类型为P2MP
[R3-Serial0/0/0]quit
- 查看OSPF的邻居状态
[R1]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 Serial0/0/0 2.2.2.2 Full
0.0.0.0 Serial0/0/0 3.3.3.3 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
通过以上输出可以看到,OSPF的邻接关系为full
【技术要点】
没有一种链路层协议会被缺省的认为是Point-to-Multipoint类型。点到多点必须是由其他的网络类型强制更改的。常用做法是将非全连通的NBMA改为点到多点的网络。
在该类型的网络中:
- 以组播形式(224.0.0.5)发送Hello报文。
- 以单播形式发送其他协议报文(DD报文、LSR报文、LSU报文、LSAck报文)。