九、Qt图表使用

一、QCharts概述

Qt图表提供了：折线图、样条曲线图、面积图、散点图、条形图、饼图、方块胡须图、蜡烛图、极坐标图。

1、QChart介绍

Qt Charts基于Qt的QGraphics View架构，其核心组件是QChartView和QChart
  • QChartView是显示图标的视图，基类为QGraphicsView
  • QChart的基类是QGraphicsItem
QGraphicsItemQGraphicsObjectQGraphicsWidgetQChart

2、使用

（1）项目管理

在使用Qt Charts模块，必须在项目中配置

QT += charts

（2）类中使用QCharts

在类中使用QCharts，需要在头文件或者源文件分别添加：

#include <QtCharts>
// using namespace QtCharts;
QT_CHARTS_USE_NAMESPACE // 使用宏代替

3、实现程序

（1）创建项目，基于QMainWindow

（2）实现图表

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"#include <QChartView>
QT_CHARTS_USE_NAMESPACE
#include <QLineSeries>
#include <QtMath>
#include <QValueAxis>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :QMainWindow(parent),ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);// 创建图标QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(this);QChart *chart = new QChart();chart->setTitle("简单函数曲线");chartView->setChart(chart);setCentralWidget(chartView);// 创建曲线序列QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries;QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries;series0->setName("Sin曲线");series1->setName("Cos曲线");chart->addSeries(series0);chart->addSeries(series1);qreal y0, y1, t = 0, intv = 0.1/*时间间隔*/;int cnt = 100;for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i){y0 = qSin(t);series0->append(t, y0);y1 = qCos(t);series1->append(t, y1);t += intv;}//创建坐标轴QValueAxis *axisX = new QValueAxis;axisX->setRange(0, 10);chart->setAxisX(axisX, series0);chart->setAxisX(axisX, series1);QValueAxis *axisY = new QValueAxis;axisY->setRange(-1, 1);chart->setAxisY(axisY, series0);chart->setAxisY(axisY, series1);
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}

在这里插入图片描述

二、QChart绘制折线图

1、类继承关系

（1）数据序列类

QAbractSeriesQAreaSeriesQBoxPlotSeriesQAbstractBarSeriesQBarSeriesQHorizontalBarSeriesQHorizontalStackedBarSeriesQPercentBarSeriesQStackedBarSeriesQPieSeriesQXYSetiesQLineSeriesQSplineSeriesQScatterSeries

（2）坐标轴类

QAbstractAxisQValuesAxisQCategoryAxisQLogValueAxisQBarCategoryAxisQDataTimeAxis

2、实现程序

在这里插入图片描述

（1）创建项目， 基于QMainwindow

（2）QScrollArea 滚动条

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

（3）添加组件

在这里插入图片描述

（4）添设置画笔的UI和类

在这里插入图片描述

#include "dialogpen.h"
#include "ui_dialogpen.h"DialogPen::DialogPen(QWidget *parent) :QDialog(parent),ui(new Ui::DialogPen)
{ui->setupUi(this);ui->comboBoxLineType->clear();ui->comboBoxLineType->addItem("NoPen", 0);ui->comboBoxLineType->addItem("SolidLine", 1);ui->comboBoxLineType->addItem("DashLine", 2);ui->comboBoxLineType->addItem("DotLine", 3);ui->comboBoxLineType->addItem("DashDotLine", 4);ui->comboBoxLineType->addItem("DashDotDotLine", 5);ui->comboBoxLineType->addItem("CustomDashLine", 6);ui->comboBoxLineType->setCurrentIndex(1);
}DialogPen::~DialogPen()
{delete ui;
}QPen DialogPen::getPen()
{m_pen.setStyle(Qt::PenStyle(ui->comboBoxLineType->currentIndex()));m_pen.setWidth(ui->spinBoxLineWidth->value());QColor color = ui->btnLineColor->palette().color(QPalette::Button);m_pen.setColor(color);return m_pen;
}QPen DialogPen::getPen(QPen initPen, bool &ok)
{QPen pen;DialogPen *dlg = new DialogPen;dlg->setPen(initPen);int ret = dlg->exec();if(ret == QDialog::Accepted){pen = dlg->getPen();ok = true;}else{pen = initPen;ok = false;}delete dlg;return pen;
}void DialogPen::setPen(const QPen &pen)
{m_pen = pen;ui->spinBoxLineWidth->setValue(pen.width());int nType = static_cast<int>(pen.style());ui->comboBoxLineType->setCurrentIndex(nType);ui->btnLineColor->setAutoFillBackground(true);QColor color = pen.color();QString str = QString::asprintf("background-color: rgb(%d,%d,%d)",color.red(), color.green(), color.blue());ui->btnLineColor->setStyleSheet(str);
}#include <QColorDialog>
void DialogPen::on_btnLineColor_clicked()
{QColor color = m_pen.color();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){QString str = QString::asprintf("background-color: rgb(%d,%d,%d)",color.red(), color.green(), color.blue());ui->btnLineColor->setStyleSheet(str);}
}

（5）初始化图表

void MainWindow::createChart()
{QChart*chart = new QChart();chart->setTitle("简单的曲线");ui->chartView->setChart(chart);ui->chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing); // 抗锯齿QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries;QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries;series0->setName("Sin曲线");series1->setName("Cos曲线");curSeries = series0;QPen pen;pen.setStyle(Qt::DotLine);pen.setWidth(2);pen.setColor(Qt::red);series0->setPen(pen);pen.setStyle(Qt::SolidLine);pen.setColor(Qt::blue);series1->setPen(pen);chart->addSeries(series0);chart->addSeries(series1);QValueAxis *axisX = new QValueAxis;QValueAxis *axisY = new QValueAxis;curAxis = axisX;axisX->setRange(0, 10);axisX->setLabelFormat("%0.1f");axisX->setTickCount(11); // 大格间隔数axisX->setMinorTickCount(4); // 小格间隔数axisX->setTitleText("time(secs)");axisY->setRange(-1.2, 1.2);axisY->setTickCount(3); // 大格间隔数axisY->setMinorTickCount(4); // 小格间隔数axisY->setTitleText("value");chart->setAxisX(axisX, series0);chart->setAxisX(axisX, series1);chart->setAxisY(axisY, series0);chart->setAxisY(axisY, series1);
}```
### （6）绘制曲线```bash
void MainWindow::prepareData()
{QLineSeries *series0 = (QLineSeries*)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(0);QLineSeries *series1 = (QLineSeries*)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(1);int cnt = 100;series0->clear();series1->clear();qsrand(QTime::currentTime().second());qreal t = 0, y0 = 0, y1 = 0, intv = 0.1;qreal rd;for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i){rd = (qrand() % 10 - 5);y0 = qSin(t) + rd / 50;series0->append(t, y0);y1 = qCos(t) + rd / 50;series1->append(t, y1);t += intv;}
}

（6）实现组件功能

#include "mainwindow.h"#include <qchartview.h>
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include "dialogpen.h"MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :QMainWindow(parent),ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);createChart();prepareData();updateFromChart();
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}void MainWindow::createChart()
{QChart*chart = new QChart();chart->setTitle("简单的曲线");ui->chartView->setChart(chart);ui->chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing); // 抗锯齿QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries;QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries;series0->setName("Sin曲线");series1->setName("Cos曲线");curSeries = series0;QPen pen;pen.setStyle(Qt::DotLine);pen.setWidth(2);pen.setColor(Qt::red);series0->setPen(pen);pen.setStyle(Qt::SolidLine);pen.setColor(Qt::blue);series1->setPen(pen);chart->addSeries(series0);chart->addSeries(series1);QValueAxis *axisX = new QValueAxis;QValueAxis *axisY = new QValueAxis;curAxis = axisX;axisX->setRange(0, 10);axisX->setLabelFormat("%0.1f");axisX->setTickCount(11); // 大格间隔数axisX->setMinorTickCount(4); // 小格间隔数axisX->setTitleText("time(secs)");axisY->setRange(-1.2, 1.2);axisY->setTickCount(3); // 大格间隔数axisY->setMinorTickCount(4); // 小格间隔数axisY->setTitleText("value");chart->setAxisX(axisX, series0);chart->setAxisX(axisX, series1);chart->setAxisY(axisY, series0);chart->setAxisY(axisY, series1);
}#include <QTime>
void MainWindow::prepareData()
{QLineSeries *series0 = (QLineSeries*)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(0);QLineSeries *series1 = (QLineSeries*)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(1);int cnt = 100;series0->clear();series1->clear();qsrand(QTime::currentTime().second());qreal t = 0, y0 = 0, y1 = 0, intv = 0.1;qreal rd;for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i){rd = (qrand() % 10 - 5);y0 = qSin(t) + rd / 50;series0->append(t, y0);y1 = qCos(t) + rd / 50;series1->append(t, y1);t += intv;}
}void MainWindow::updateFromChart()
{QChart *chart = ui->chartView->chart();ui->lineEditTitle->setText(chart->title());QMargins mg = chart->margins();ui->spinBoxUp->setValue(mg.top());ui->spinBoxDown->setValue(mg.bottom());ui->spinBoxLeft->setValue(mg.left());ui->spinBoxRight->setValue(mg.right());}void MainWindow::on_actZoomIn_triggered()
{ui->chartView->chart()->zoom(1.2);
}void MainWindow::on_actZoomOut_triggered()
{ui->chartView->chart()->zoom(0.8);
}void MainWindow::on_actDraw_triggered()
{prepareData();
}void MainWindow::on_actZoomReset_triggered()
{ui->chartView->chart()->zoomReset();
}void MainWindow::on_btnLinePen_clicked()
{QPen pen = curSeries->pen();bool ok = false;pen = DialogPen::getPen(pen, ok);if(ok){curSeries->setPen(pen);}
}void MainWindow::on_btnSetTitle_clicked()
{QString strTitle =  ui->lineEditTitle->text();QChart *chart = ui->chartView->chart();chart->setTitle(strTitle);
}void MainWindow::on_btnSetTitleFont_clicked()
{QFont font = ui->chartView->chart()->titleFont();bool ok;font = QFontDialog::getFont(&ok, font);if(ok){ui->chartView->chart()->setTitleFont(font);}
}void MainWindow::on_rbtnUp_clicked()
{ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignTop);
}void MainWindow::on_rbtnDown_clicked()
{ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);
}void MainWindow::on_rbtnLeft_clicked()
{ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignLeft);
}void MainWindow::on_rbtnRight_clicked()
{ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxName_clicked(bool checked)
{ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->setVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxBack_clicked(bool checked)
{ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->setBackgroundVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_btnNameFont_clicked()
{QFont font = ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->font();bool ok;font = QFontDialog::getFont(&ok, font);if(ok){ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->setFont(font);}
}void MainWindow::on_btnNameColor_clicked()
{QColor color = ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->labelColor();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->setLabelColor(    color);}
}void MainWindow::on_btnSetMargin_clicked()
{QMargins mg;mg.setTop(ui->spinBoxUp->value());mg.setBottom(ui->spinBoxDown->value());mg.setLeft(ui->spinBoxLeft->value());mg.setRight(ui->spinBoxRight->value());ui->chartView->chart()->setMargins(mg);
}void MainWindow::on_comboBoxAction_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{ui->chartView->chart()->setAnimationOptions((QChart::AnimationOptions)index);
}void MainWindow::on_comboBoxTheme_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{ui->chartView->chart()->setTheme((QChart::ChartTheme)index);
}void MainWindow::on_rbtnSeriesSin_clicked()
{if( ui->rbtnSeriesSin->isChecked()){curSeries = (QLineSeries*)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(0);}else{curSeries = (QLineSeries*)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(1);}ui->lineEditLine->setText(curSeries->name());ui->checkBoxSeries->setChecked(curSeries->isVisible());ui->checkBoxDataPoint->setChecked(curSeries->pointsVisible());ui->horizontalSlider->setValue(curSeries->opacity() * 10); // 0-1 => 0-10ui->checkBoxPointTip->setChecked(curSeries->pointLabelsVisible());
}void MainWindow::on_rbtnSeriesCos_clicked()
{if( ui->rbtnSeriesSin->isChecked()){curSeries = (QLineSeries*)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(0);}else{curSeries = (QLineSeries*)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(1);}ui->lineEditLine->setText(curSeries->name());ui->checkBoxSeries->setChecked(curSeries->isVisible());ui->checkBoxDataPoint->setChecked(curSeries->pointsVisible());ui->horizontalSlider->setValue(curSeries->opacity() * 10); // 0-1 => 0-10ui->checkBoxPointTip->setChecked(curSeries->pointLabelsVisible());
}void MainWindow::on_btnLineName_clicked()
{curSeries->setName(ui->lineEditLine->text());
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxSeries_clicked(bool checked)
{curSeries->setVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxDataPoint_clicked(bool checked)
{curSeries->setPointLabelsVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_btnLineColor_clicked()
{QColor color = curSeries->color();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){curSeries->setColor(color);}
}void MainWindow::on_horizontalSlider_valueChanged(int value)
{curSeries->setOpacity(value / 10.0);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxPointTip_clicked(bool checked)
{curSeries->setPointLabelsVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_btnPointTipColor_clicked()
{QColor color = curSeries->pointLabelsColor();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){curSeries->setPointLabelsColor(color);}
}void MainWindow::on_btnPointTipFont_clicked()
{QFont font = curSeries->pointLabelsFont();bool ok;font = QFontDialog::getFont(&ok, font);if(ok){curSeries->setPointLabelsFont(font);}
}void MainWindow::on_rbtnDisplayX_clicked()
{if(ui->rbtnDisplayX->isChecked()){curSeries->setPointLabelsFormat("@yPoint");}else{curSeries->setPointLabelsFormat("(@xPoint,@yPoint)");}
}void MainWindow::on_rbtnDisplayXY_clicked()
{if(ui->rbtnDisplayX->isChecked()){curSeries->setPointLabelsFormat("@yPoint");}else{curSeries->setPointLabelsFormat("(@xPoint,@yPoint)");}
}void MainWindow::on_rbtnSetX_clicked()
{QList<QAbstractAxis*> axes;if(ui->rbtnSetX->isChecked()){axes = ui->chartView->chart()->axes(Qt::Horizontal);}else{axes = ui->chartView->chart()->axes(Qt::Vertical);}curAxis = (QValueAxis*)axes[0];ui->doubleSpinBoxMin->setValue(curAxis->min());ui->doubleSpinBoxMax->setValue(curAxis->max());ui->lineEditAxisTitle->setText(curAxis->titleText());ui->checkBoxAxisTitleIsVisibe->setChecked(curAxis->isTitleVisible());ui->lineEditFormat->setText(curAxis->labelFormat());ui->checkBoxAxisTitleIsVisibe->setChecked(curAxis->labelsVisible());ui->checkBoxIsGridLineVisible->setChecked(curAxis->isGridLineVisible());ui->checkBoxisLineVisible->setChecked(curAxis->isLineVisible());ui->spinBoxTick->setValue(curAxis->tickCount());ui->checkBoxisLineVisible->setChecked(curAxis->isLineVisible());ui->spinBoxMinorTick->setValue(curAxis->minorTickCount());ui->checkBoxIsMinorGirdLineVisible->setChecked(curAxis->isMinorGridLineVisible());
}void MainWindow::on_rbtnSetY_clicked()
{QList<QAbstractAxis*> axes;if(ui->rbtnSetX->isChecked()){axes = ui->chartView->chart()->axes(Qt::Horizontal);}else{axes = ui->chartView->chart()->axes(Qt::Vertical);}curAxis = (QValueAxis*)axes[0];ui->doubleSpinBoxMin->setValue(curAxis->min());ui->doubleSpinBoxMax->setValue(curAxis->max());ui->lineEditAxisTitle->setText(curAxis->titleText());ui->checkBoxAxisTitleIsVisibe->setChecked(curAxis->isTitleVisible());ui->lineEditFormat->setText(curAxis->labelFormat());ui->checkBoxAxisTitleIsVisibe->setChecked(curAxis->labelsVisible());ui->checkBoxIsGridLineVisible->setChecked(curAxis->isGridLineVisible());ui->checkBoxisLineVisible->setChecked(curAxis->isLineVisible());ui->spinBoxTick->setValue(curAxis->tickCount());ui->checkBoxisLineVisible->setChecked(curAxis->isLineVisible());ui->spinBoxMinorTick->setValue(curAxis->minorTickCount());ui->checkBoxIsMinorGirdLineVisible->setChecked(curAxis->isMinorGridLineVisible());
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxIsVisible_clicked(bool checked)
{curAxis->setVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_btnSetAxisRange_clicked()
{curAxis->setRange(ui->doubleSpinBoxMin->value(), ui->doubleSpinBoxMax->value());
}void MainWindow::on_btnSetAxisTitle_clicked()
{curAxis->setTitleText(ui->lineEditAxisTitle->text());
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxAxisTitleIsVisibe_clicked(bool checked)
{curAxis->setTitleVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_btnAxisTitleFont_clicked()
{QFont font = curAxis->titleFont();bool ok;font = QFontDialog::getFont(&ok, font);if(ok){curAxis->setTitleFont(font);}
}void MainWindow::on_btnSetFormat_clicked()
{curAxis->setLabelFormat(ui->lineEditFormat->text());
}void MainWindow::on_btnSetColor_clicked()
{QColor color = curAxis->labelsColor();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){curAxis->setLabelsColor(color);}
}void MainWindow::on_btnSetFont_clicked()
{QFont font = curAxis->labelsFont();bool ok;font = QFontDialog::getFont(&ok, font);if(ok){curAxis->setLabelsFont(font);}
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxlabelVisible_clicked(bool checked)
{curAxis->setLabelsVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxIsGridLineVisible_clicked(bool checked)
{curAxis->setLineVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_btnGridLineColor_clicked()
{QColor color = curAxis->gridLineColor();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){curAxis->setGridLineColor(color);}
}void MainWindow::on_btnGridLinePen_clicked()
{QPen pen = curAxis->gridLinePen();bool ok = false;pen = DialogPen::getPen(pen, ok);if(ok){curAxis->setGridLinePen(pen);}
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxIsMinorGirdLineVisible_clicked(bool checked)
{curAxis->setMinorGridLineVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_btnMinorGridLineColor_clicked()
{QColor color = curAxis->minorGridLineColor();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){curAxis->setMinorGridLineColor(color);}
}void MainWindow::on_btnMinorGirdLinePen_clicked()
{QPen pen = curAxis->minorGridLinePen();bool ok = false;pen = DialogPen::getPen(pen, ok);if(ok){curAxis->setMinorGridLinePen(pen);}
}void MainWindow::on_spinBoxMinorTick_valueChanged(int arg1)
{curAxis->setMinorTickCount(arg1);
}void MainWindow::on_btnLinePen_2_clicked()
{QPen pen = curAxis->linePen();bool ok = false;pen = DialogPen::getPen(pen, ok);if(ok){curAxis->setLinePen(pen);}
}void MainWindow::on_spinBoxTick_valueChanged(int arg1)
{curAxis->setTickCount(arg1);
}void MainWindow::on_btnLinePenColor_clicked()
{QColor color = curAxis->linePenColor();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){curAxis->setLinePenColor(color);}
}

三、QChart常见图表绘制

1、图表与类

（1）柱状图

  • QBarSet：数据集
  • QBarSeries：一个序列可以包含多个QBarSet
  • QBarCategoryAxis：横坐标轴
  • QValueAxis：纵坐标轴

（2）饼状图

  • QPieSeries：数据序列
  • QPieSlice：饼图扇区

（3）堆叠柱状图

  • QBarSet：数据集
  • QStackedBarSeries：一个序列可以有多个QBarSet
  • QBarCategoryAxis：横坐标
  • QValueAxis：纵坐标轴

（4）百分比柱状图

  • QBarSet：数据集
  • QPercentageBarSeries：一个序列可以有多个QBarSet
  • QBarCategoryAxis：横坐标
  • QValueAxis：纵坐标轴

（5）散点图和光滑曲线

  • QSplineSeries、QLineSeries：散点和平滑线
  • QValueAxis：坐标轴。

2、实现程序

在这里插入图片描述

（1）创建项目，基于QMainWindows

（2）添加图表资源文件，添加工具栏

（3）添加组件

在这里插入图片描述

（4）柱状图

在这里插入图片描述

void MainWindow::initBarChart()
{QChart *chart = new QChart;chart->setTitle("BarChart演示");chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);ui->cvChartBar->setChart(chart);ui->cvChartBar->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
}void MainWindow::buildBarChart()
{QChart *chart = ui->cvChartBar->chart();chart->removeAllSeries();if(chart->axisX() != nullptr){chart->removeAxis(chart->axisX());}if(chart->axisY() != nullptr){chart->removeAxis(chart->axisY());}// 数据集QBarSet *setMath = new QBarSet(theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(colNoMath)->text());QBarSet *setChinese = new QBarSet(theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(colNoChinese)->text());QBarSet *setEnglish = new QBarSet(theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(colNoEnglish)->text());QLineSeries *lineAverage = new QLineSeries;lineAverage->setName(theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(colNoAverage)->text());QPen pen;pen.setColor(Qt::red);pen.setWidth(2);lineAverage->setPen(pen);for (int i = 0; i < theModel->rowCount(); ++i){setMath->append(theModel->item(i, colNoMath)->text().toInt());setChinese->append(theModel->item(i, colNoChinese)->text().toInt());setEnglish->append(theModel->item(i, colNoEnglish)->text().toInt());lineAverage->append(QPointF(i, theModel->item(i, colNoAverage)->text().toFloat()));}// 序列QBarSeries *series = new QBarSeries;series->append(setMath);series->append(setChinese);series->append(setEnglish);chart->addSeries(series);chart->addSeries(lineAverage);chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);QStringList category;for (int i = 0; i < theModel->rowCount(); ++i){category << theModel->item(i, colNoName)->text();}QBarCategoryAxis *axisX = new QBarCategoryAxis;axisX->setCategories(category);chart->setAxisX(axisX, series);chart->setAxisX(axisX, lineAverage);QValueAxis *axisY = new QValueAxis;axisY->setRange(0, 100);axisY->setTitleText("分数");chart->setAxisY(axisY, series);chart->setAxisY(axisY, lineAverage);
}

（5）饼状图

在这里插入图片描述

void MainWindow::initPieChart()
{QChart *chart = new QChart;chart->setTitle("PieChart演示");chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);ui->cvPieChart->setChart(chart);ui->cvPieChart->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
}void MainWindow::buildPieChart()
{QChart *chart = ui->cvPieChart->chart();chart->removeAllSeries();if(chart->axisX() != nullptr){chart->removeAxis(chart->axisX());}if(chart->axisY() != nullptr){chart->removeAxis(chart->axisY());}QPieSeries *series = new QPieSeries;series->setHoleSize(ui->dSpinBoxHoleSize->value());series->setPieSize(ui->dSpinBoxPieSize->value());int colNo = ui->comboBoxScore->currentIndex() + colNoMath;for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i){QTreeWidgetItem *item = ui->treeWidget->topLevelItem(i);series->append(item->text(0), item->text(colNo).toFloat());}QPieSlice *slice;for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i){slice = series->slices().at(i);slice->setLabel(slice->label() + QString::asprintf("%.0f人, %.2f%%",slice->value(), slice->percentage()));connect(slice, SIGNAL(hovered(bool)),this, SLOT(on_SliceHigtLight(bool)));}series->setLabelsVisible(true);chart->setTitle("PieChart --" + ui->comboBoxScore->currentText());chart->addSeries(series);chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);
}void MainWindow::on_SliceHigtLight(bool show)
{// 鼠标到饼图扇区，弹出动画QPieSlice *slice = (QPieSlice*)sender();slice->setExploded(show);
}void MainWindow::on_dSpinBoxHoleSize_valueChanged(double arg1)
{QPieSeries* series = (QPieSeries*) ui->cvPieChart->chart()->series().at(0);series->setHoleSize(arg1);
}void MainWindow::on_dSpinBoxPieSize_valueChanged(double arg1)
{QPieSeries* series = (QPieSeries*) ui->cvPieChart->chart()->series().at(0);series->setPieSize(arg1);
}void MainWindow::on_comboBoxTheme_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{ui->cvPieChart->chart()->setTheme(QChart::ChartTheme(index));
}

（6）堆叠柱状图

在这里插入图片描述

void MainWindow::initStackedBar()
{QChart *chart = new QChart;chart->setTitle("StackedBar演示");chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);ui->cvStackedBar->setChart(chart);ui->cvStackedBar->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
}void MainWindow::buildStackedBar()
{QChart *chart = ui->cvStackedBar->chart();chart->removeAllSeries();if(chart->axisX() != nullptr){chart->removeAxis(chart->axisX());}if(chart->axisY() != nullptr){chart->removeAxis(chart->axisY());}// 数据集QBarSet *setMath = new QBarSet(theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(colNoMath)->text());QBarSet *setChinese = new QBarSet(theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(colNoChinese)->text());QBarSet *setEnglish = new QBarSet(theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(colNoEnglish)->text());QStringList categories;for (int i = 0; i < theModel->rowCount(); ++i){categories << theModel->item(i, colNoName)->text();setMath->append(theModel->item(i, colNoMath)->text().toFloat());setChinese->append(theModel->item(i, colNoChinese)->text().toFloat());setEnglish->append(theModel->item(i, colNoEnglish)->text().toFloat());}QStackedBarSeries *series = new QStackedBarSeries;series->append(setMath);series->append(setChinese);series->append(setEnglish);chart->addSeries(series);QBarCategoryAxis *axisX = new QBarCategoryAxis;axisX->append(categories);chart->setAxisX(axisX, series);QValueAxis *axisY = new QValueAxis;axisY->setRange(0, 300);axisY->setTitleText("总分");chart->setAxisY(axisY, series);
}

（7）百分比柱状图

在这里插入图片描述

void MainWindow::initPercentBar()
{QChart *chart = new QChart;chart->setTitle("PercentBar演示");chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);ui->cvPercentBar->setChart(chart);ui->cvPercentBar->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
}void MainWindow::buildPercentBar()
{QChart *chart = ui->cvPercentBar->chart();chart->removeAllSeries();if(chart->axisX() != nullptr){chart->removeAxis(chart->axisX());}if(chart->axisY() != nullptr){chart->removeAxis(chart->axisY());}// 数据集QBarSet *setMath = new QBarSet(theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(colNoMath)->text());QBarSet *setChinese = new QBarSet(theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(colNoChinese)->text());QBarSet *setEnglish = new QBarSet(theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(colNoEnglish)->text());QStringList categories;for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i){categories << ui->treeWidget->topLevelItem(i)->text(colNoName);setMath->append(ui->treeWidget->topLevelItem(i)->text(colNoMath).toFloat());setChinese->append(ui->treeWidget->topLevelItem(i)->text(colNoChinese).toFloat());setEnglish->append(ui->treeWidget->topLevelItem(i)->text(colNoEnglish).toFloat());}QPercentBarSeries *series = new QPercentBarSeries;series->append(setMath);series->append(setChinese);series->append(setEnglish);chart->addSeries(series);QBarCategoryAxis *axisX = new QBarCategoryAxis;axisX->append(categories);chart->setAxisX(axisX, series);QValueAxis *axisY = new QValueAxis;axisY->setRange(0, 100);axisY->setTitleText("分数百分比");chart->setAxisY(axisY, series);
}

（8）散点曲线图

在这里插入图片描述

void MainWindow::initScatterChart()
{QChart *chart = new QChart;chart->setTitle("ScatterChart演示");chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);ui->cvScatterChart->setChart(chart);ui->cvScatterChart->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
}void MainWindow::buildScatterChart()
{QChart *chart = ui->cvScatterChart->chart();chart->removeAllSeries();if(chart->axisX() != nullptr){chart->removeAxis(chart->axisX());}if(chart->axisY() != nullptr){chart->removeAxis(chart->axisY());}QSplineSeries *seriesLine = new QSplineSeries;seriesLine->setName("spline");QPen pen;pen.setWidth(2);pen.setColor(Qt::red);seriesLine->setPen(pen);QScatterSeries *series0 = new QScatterSeries;series0->setName("散点");series0->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeCircle); // 圆形series0->setBorderColor(Qt::black);series0->setBrush(QBrush(Qt::blue));series0->setMarkerSize(12);for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i){int x = qrand() % 20;int y = qrand() % 20;series0->append(x, y);seriesLine->append(x, y);}chart->addSeries(seriesLine);chart->addSeries(series0);chart->createDefaultAxes();chart->axisX()->setTitleText("X轴");chart->axisX()->setRange(-5, 25);chart->axisY()->setTitleText("Y轴");chart->axisY()->setRange(-5, 25);
}

四、图表其他操作

图表特定鼠标事件操作需要使用继承类实现事件的处理

1、实现程序

在这里插入图片描述

（1）创建项目，基于QMainWindow

（2）添加资源文件与图标

（3）添加QChartView派生类

#include "axbchartview.h"AXBChartView::AXBChartView(QWidget *parent) : QChartView(parent)
{setMouseTracking(true); //setDragMode(QGraphicsView::RubberBandDrag); // 框选区域
}void AXBChartView::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event)
{switch (event->key()){case Qt::Key_Plus:{chart()->zoom(1.2);}break;case Qt::Key_Minus:{chart()->zoom(0.8);}break;case Qt::Key_Left:{chart()->scroll(10, 0);}break;case Qt::Key_Right:{chart()->scroll(-10, 0);}break;case Qt::Key_Up:{chart()->scroll(0, -10);}break;case Qt::Key_Down:{chart()->scroll(0, 10);}break;case Qt::Key_PageUp:{chart()->scroll(0, -50);}break;case Qt::Key_PageDown:{chart()->scroll(0, 50);}break;case Qt::Key_Home:{chart()->zoomReset();}break;default:QGraphicsView::keyPressEvent(event);break;}
}void AXBChartView::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{if(event->button() == Qt::LeftButton){beginPoint = event->pos();}QChartView::mousePressEvent(event);
}void AXBChartView::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{QPoint point = event->pos();emit mouseMovePoint(point);QChartView::mouseMoveEvent(event);
}void AXBChartView::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{if(event->button() == Qt::LeftButton){endPoint = event->pos();QRectF rectF;rectF.setTopLeft(beginPoint);rectF.setBottomRight(endPoint);if(rectF.width() > 10 || rectF.height() > 10){chart()->zoomIn(rectF);}}else if(event->button() == Qt::RightButton){chart()->zoomReset();}QChartView::mouseReleaseEvent(event);
}

（4）实现功能

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include "axbchartview.h"MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :QMainWindow(parent),ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);setCentralWidget(ui->chartView);labXYValue = new QLabel("坐标X: Y: ");labXYValue->setMinimumWidth(200);ui->statusBar->addWidget(labXYValue);createChart();prepareData();connect(ui->chartView, SIGNAL(mouseMovePoint(QPoint)),this, SLOT(on_mouseMovePoint(QPoint)));
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}void MainWindow::createChart()
{QChart *chart = new QChart;chart->setTitle("曲线");ui->chartView->setChart(chart);ui->chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries;QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries;series0->setName("Sin曲线");series1->setName("Cos曲线");QPen pen;pen.setStyle(Qt::DotLine);pen.setColor(Qt::green);pen.setWidth(2);series0->setPen(pen);pen.setColor(Qt::red);series1->setPen(pen);chart->addSeries(series0);chart->addSeries(series1);chart->createDefaultAxes();chart->axisX()->setRange(0, 10);chart->axisY()->setRange(-1.5, 1.5);foreach (auto marker, ui->chartView->chart()->legend()->markers()){connect(marker, SIGNAL(clicked()),this, SLOT(on_legendMarkerClicked()));}
}void MainWindow::prepareData()
{// 准备数据QLineSeries *series0 = (QLineSeries *)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(0);QLineSeries *series1 = (QLineSeries *)ui->chartView->chart()->series().at(1);qsrand(QTime::currentTime().second());for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i){qreal dValue;dValue = qSin(i * 0.1) + (qrand() % 10 - 5) / 10.0;series0->append(i * 0.1, dValue);dValue = qCos(i * 0.1) + (qrand() % 10 - 5) / 10.0;series1->append(i * 0.1, dValue);}
}void MainWindow::on_mouseMovePoint(QPoint point)
{QPointF pt = ui->chartView->chart()->mapToValue(point);labXYValue->setText(QString::asprintf("坐标X: %.2f Y: %.2f",pt.x(), pt.y()));
}void MainWindow::on_legendMarkerClicked()
{QLegendMarker *marker = (QLegendMarker*)sender();marker->series()->setVisible(!marker->series()->isVisible());marker->setVisible(true);int alpha = 255;if(!marker->series()->isVisible()){alpha = 120;}QBrush brush = marker->labelBrush();QColor color = brush.color();color.setAlpha(alpha);brush.setColor(color);marker->setLabelBrush(brush);
}void MainWindow::on_actZoomIn_triggered()
{ui->chartView->chart()->zoom(1.2);
}void MainWindow::on_actZoomOut_triggered()
{ui->chartView->chart()->zoom(0.8);
}void MainWindow::on_actZoomReset_triggered()
{ui->chartView->chart()->zoomReset();
}

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