如何免费获得一个市全年的气象数据？降雨量气温湿度太阳辐射等等数据

气象数据一直是一个价值较高的数据，它被广泛用于各个领域的研究当中。气象数据包括有气温、气压、相对湿度、降水、蒸发、风向风速、日照等多种指标，但是包含了这些全部指标的气象数据却较难获取，即使获取到了也不能随意分享。

想要大规模爬取的话，需要自己写爬虫，之前写过一个爬取深圳市数据的爬虫。对深圳市的天气数据爬取基本没有问题。

import requests
import demjson
import re
import calendar
import csvheaders = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36\(KHML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36',
}def get_url(date):url = 'https://www.timeanddate.com/scripts/cityajax.php?n=china/shenzhen&mode=historic'url += '&hd=' + dateurl += '&month=' + str(int(date[4:6]))url += '&year=' + date[:4] + '&json=1'return url# input: type(str) eg:'20170601'
def crawl_single_day(date):response = requests.get(get_url(date), headers=headers)response_list = demjson.decode(response.text)for weather in response_list:w_time = re.compile(r'^\d+:\d+').search(weather['c'][0]['h']).group(0)w_temperature = re.compile(r'^-?\d+').search(weather['c'][2]['h']).group(0)w_weather = re.compile(r'^(.*?)\.').search(weather['c'][3]['h']).group(1)if weather['c'][4]['h'] == 'No wind':w_wind_speed = '0'else:w_wind_speed = re.compile(r'^\d+').search(weather['c'][4]['h']).group(0)w_wind_direction = re.compile(r'title=\"(.*?)\"').search(weather['c'][5]['h']).group(1)w_humidity = weather['c'][6]['h']w_barometer = re.compile(r'^\d+').search(weather['c'][7]['h']).group(0)w_visibility = weather['c'][8]['h']if w_visibility != 'N/A':w_visibility=re.compile(r'^\d+').search(w_visibility).group(0)yield [date, w_time, w_temperature, w_weather, w_wind_speed, w_wind_direction,w_humidity, w_barometer, w_visibility]# input: type(int) eg: year=2017, month=6
def crawl_single_month(year, month):_, num_day = calendar.monthrange(year, month)month_str = str(year)if month < 10:month_str += '0' + str(month)else:month_str += str(month)day_list = list(range(1, num_day + 1))for day in day_list:if day < 10:for weather in crawl_single_day(month_str + '0' + str(day)):yield weatherelse:for weather in crawl_single_day(month_str + str(day)):yield weatherif __name__ == "__main__":with open('weather0.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:writer = csv.writer(file)writer.writerow('date time temperature weather wind_speed wind_direction humidity barometer visibility'.split())for month in range(7, 13):writer.writerows(crawl_single_month(2017, month))with open('weather1.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:writer = csv.writer(file)writer.writerow('date time temperature weather wind_speed wind_direction humidity barometer visibility'.split())writer.writerows(crawl_single_day('20210401'))

对 20210401的深圳天气数据爬取获得的 csv 文件如下图所示：

当然啦，需求量比较大的话，可以通过地理遥感生态网平台获取气象数据。

地理遥感生态网平台发布的气象数据包括有气温、气压、相对湿度、降水、蒸发、风向风速、日照太阳辐射等等多种指标。

1级目录

文件名

PRS

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-PRS-10004-YYYYMM.TXT（本站气压）

TEM

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-TEM-12001-YYYYMM.TXT（气温）

RHU

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-RHU-13003-YYYYMM.TXT（相对湿度）

PRE

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-PRE-13011-YYYYMM.TXT（降水）

EVP

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-EVP-13240-YYYYMM.TXT（蒸发）

WIN

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-WIN-11002-YYYYMM.TXT（风向风速）

SSD

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-SSD-14032-YYYYMM.TXT（日照）

GST

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-GST-12030-0cm-YYYYMM.TXT(0cm地温)