详细参考：Manual installation steps for older versions of WSL | Microsoft Learn

1.系统组件要打开

分别是：Hyper-V、虚拟机平台、适用于Windows的Linux子系统

2.以管理员方式运行命令行，逐步执行下面的命令

update to WSL 2, you must be running Windows 10 .For x64 systems: Version 1903 or later, with Build 18362.1049 or later. #For ARM64 systems: Version 2004 or later, with Build 19041 or later. 

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestartdism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestartBCDEDIT /Set {current} hypervisorlaunchtype auto

3.下载并安装

https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi

4.切换版本

wsl --set-default-version 2

5.安装wsl 子系统

执行命令或直接进入microsoft store安装

wsl --install