一、Docker基本命令
1. Docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # docker版本信息
docker info # 系统级别的信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help
- 帮助文档
镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB# 解释
REPOSITORY # 镜像的仓库
TAG # 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID # 镜像的ID
CREATED # 镜像的创建时间
SIZE # 镜像的大小# 可选项
--all , -a # 列出所有镜像
--quiet , -q # 只显示镜像的id
docker search 查找镜像
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9822 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3586 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 719 [OK]# 可选项
--filter=STARS=3000 # 搜素出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9822 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3586 [OK]
docker pull 下拉镜像
# 下载镜像,docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag,默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Pull complete # 分层下载,dockerimages的核心,联合文件系统
8254623a9871: Pull complete
938e3e06dac4: Pull complete
ea28ebf28884: Pull complete
f3cef38785c2: Pull complete
894f9792565a: Pull complete
1d8a57523420: Pull complete
6c676912929f: Pull complete
ff39fdb566b4: Pull complete
fff872988aba: Pull complete
4d34e365ae68: Pull complete
7886ee20621e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c358e72e100ab493a0304bda35e6f239db2ec8c9bb836d8a427ac34307d074ed # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址# 等价于
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest# 指定版本下载
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Already exists
8254623a9871: Already exists
938e3e06dac4: Already exists
ea28ebf28884: Already exists
f3cef38785c2: Already exists
894f9792565a: Already exists
1d8a57523420: Already exists
5f09bf1d31c1: Pull complete
1b6ff254abe7: Pull complete
74310a0bf42d: Pull complete
d398726627fd: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7# 查看本地镜像
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 718a6da099d8 6 days ago 448MB
mysql latest 0d64f46acfd1 6 days ago 544MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
docker rmi 删除镜像
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker rmi -f IMAGE ID # 删除指定镜像
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker rmi -f IMAGE ID1 IMAGE ID2 IMAGE ID3 # 删除多个镜像
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除所有镜像
容器命令
说明: 我们有了镜像才可创建容器,linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image# 参数说明
--name=“Name” 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080-p ip:主机端口:容器端口-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)-p 容器端口容器端口
-p 随机指定端口# 测试,启动并进入容器
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@74e82b7980e7 /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos,基础版本,很多命令是不完善的
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr# 从容器中退回主机
[root@77969f5dcbf9 /]# exit
exit
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# ls
bin dev fanfan lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
列出所有的运行的容器
# docker ps 命令# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出正在运行的容器包括历史容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示当前容器的编号[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
77969f5dcbf9 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago xenodochial_bose
74e82b7980e7 centos "/bin/bash" 16 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago silly_cori
a57250395804 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_nash
392d674f4f18 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 8 hours ago Exited (0) 8 hours ago distracted_mcnulty
571d1bc0e8e8 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 23 hours ago Exited (0) 23 hours ago magical_burnell[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker ps -qa
77969f5dcbf9
74e82b7980e7
a57250395804
392d674f4f18
571d1bc0e8e8
退出容器
exit # 直接退出容器并关闭
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不关闭退出
删除容器
docker rm -f 容器id # 删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm -f # 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前的容器
常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker run -d centos# 问题 docker ps, 发现centos停止了# 常见的坑, docker 容器使用后台运行, 就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx, 容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立即停止,就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -tf --tail number 容器id[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker logs -tf --tail 1 8d1621e09bff
2020-08-11T10:53:15.987702897Z [root@8d1621e09bff /]# exit # 日志输出# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo xiaofan;sleep 1;done"
a0d580a21251da97bc050763cf2d5692a455c228fa2a711c3609872008e654c2[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a0d580a21251 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 1 second lucid_black# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 显示日志条数
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 a0d580a21251
查看容器中进程信息ps
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker top df358bc06b17
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 28498 28482 0 19:38 ?
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker inspect df358bc06b17
[{"Id": "df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3","Created": "2020-08-11T11:38:34.935048603Z","Path": "/bin/bash","Args": [],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 28498,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2020-08-11T11:38:35.216616071Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3-json.log","Name": "/hungry_heisenberg","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"Capabilities": null,"Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/62926d498bd9d1a6684bb2f9920fb77a2f88896098e66ef93c4b74fcb19f29b6/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "df358bc06b17","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": true,"AttachStdout": true,"AttachStderr": true,"Tty": true,"OpenStdin": true,"StdinOnce": true,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/bash"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "4822f9ac2058e8415ebefbfa73f05424fe20cc8280a5720ad3708fa6e80cdb08","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/4822f9ac2058","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "5fd269c0a28227241e40cd30658e3ffe8ad6cc3e6514917c867d89d36a31d605","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "30d6017888627cb565618b1639fecf8fc97e1ae4df5a9fd5ddb046d8fb02b565","EndpointID": "5fd269c0a28227241e40cd30658e3ffe8ad6cc3e6514917c867d89d36a31d605","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]#
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器使用后台方式运行的, 需要进入容器,修改一些配置# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash# 测试
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker exec -it df358bc06b17 /bin/bash
[root@df358bc06b17 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@df358bc06b17 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Aug11 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 29 0 0 01:06 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 43 29 0 01:06 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef# 方式二
docker attach 容器id# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
从容器中拷贝文件到主机
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的地主机路径[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker cp 7af535f807e0:/home/Test.java /home
二、Docker部署软件实战
1.Docker部署软件实战
Docker安装Nginx
# 1. 搜索镜像 search 建议去docker hub搜索,可以看到帮助文档
# 2. 下载镜像 pull
# 3. 运行测试
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 32 hours ago 215MB
nginx latest 08393e824c32 7 days ago 132MB# -d 后台运行
# -name 给容器命名
# -p 宿主机端口:容器内部端口
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx # 后台方式启动启动镜像
fe9dc33a83294b1b240b1ebb0db9cb16bda880737db2c8a5c0a512fc819850e0
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fe9dc33a8329 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp nginx01
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# curl localhost:3344 # 本地访问测试# 进入容器
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@fe9dc33a8329:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@fe9dc33a8329:/# cd /etc/nginx/
root@fe9dc33a8329:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d koi-utf mime.types nginx.conf uwsgi_params
fastcgi_params koi-win modules scgi_params win-utf
端口暴露概念
2. Docker安装Tomcat
# 官方的使用
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0# 我们之前的启动都是后台的,停止了容器之后, 容器还是可以查到,docker run -it --rm 一般用来测试,用完就删# 下载再启动
docker pull tomcat# 启动运行
docker run -d -p 3344:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat# 测试访问没有问题# 进入容器
docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash# 发现问题:1.linux命令少了, 2. webapps下内容为空,阿里云净吸纳过默认是最小的镜像,所有不必要的都剔除了,保证最小可运行环境即可
3. Docker部署es + kibana
# es 暴露的端口很多
# es 十分的耗内存
# es 的数据一般需要放置到安全目录! 挂载
# --net somenetwork 网络配置# 启动elasticsearch
docker run -d --name elasticsearch --net somenetwork -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.6.2[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.6.2
a920894a940b354d3c867079efada13d96cf9138712c76c8dea58fabd9c7e96f# 启动了linux就卡主了,docker stats 查看cpu状态# 测试一下es成功了
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# curl localhost:9200
{"name" : "a920894a940b","cluster_name" : "docker-cluster","cluster_uuid" : "bxE1TJMEThKgwmk7Aa3fHQ","version" : {"number" : "7.6.2","build_flavor" : "default","build_type" : "docker","build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f","build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z","build_snapshot" : false,"lucene_version" : "8.4.0","minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0","minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"},"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}# 增加内存限制,修改配置文件 -e 环境配置修改
docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.6.2
可视化
- portainer(先用这个)
docker run -d -p 8088:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer# 测试
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# curl localhost:8088
<!DOCTYPE html
><html lang="en" ng-app="portainer"># 外网访问 http://ip:8088
- Rancher(CI/CD再用)
三、Docker原理
特点
Docker奖项都是只读的,当容器启动时, 一个新的可写层被加载到镜像的顶部!
这一层就是我们通常说的容器层, 容器之下的都叫做镜像层
- commit镜像
docker commit 提交容器成为一个新的版本# 命令和git 原理类似
docker commit -m="提交的描述信息" -a="作者" 容器id 目标镜像名:[TAG]docker commit -a="xiaofan" -m="add webapps app" d798a5946c1f tomcat007:1.0
实战测试
# 1. 启动一个默认的tomcat
# 2. 发现这个默认的tomcat是没有webapps应用, 镜像的原因,官方镜像默认webapps下面是没有内容的
# 3. 我自己拷贝进去了基本的文件
# 4. 将我们操作过的容器通过commit提价为一个镜镜像!我们以后就使用我们自己制作的镜像了
四、容器数据卷
1. 容器数据卷
1.1. docker的理解回顾
将应用和环境打包成一个镜像!
数据?如果数据都在容器中,那么我们容器删除,数据就会丢失!需求:数据可以持久化
MySQL,容器删了,删库跑路!需求:MySQL数据可以存储在本地!
容器之间可以有一个数据共享技术!Docker容器中产生的数据,同步到本地!
这就是卷技术,目录的挂载,将我们容器内的目录挂载到linux目录上面!
**总结: **容器的持久化和同步操作!容器间数据也是可以共享的!
1.2. 使用数据卷
方式一:直接使用命令来挂载 -v
docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器目录[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash
测试文件的同步(在主机上改动,观察容器变化)
再来测试(测试通过)
- 停止容器
- 主机上修改文件
- 启动容器
- 容器内的数据依旧是同步的!
1.3. 实战:安装MySQL
思考:MySQL的数据持久化的问题!
# 获取镜像
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker pull mysql:5.7# 运行容器, 需要做数据挂载! # 安装启动mysql,需要配置密码(注意)
# 官方测试, docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag# 启动我们的
-d # 后台运行
-p # 端口隐射
-v # 卷挂载
-e # 环境配置
--name # 容器的名字
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker run -d -p 3344:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7
9552bf4eb2b69a2ccd344b5ba5965da4d97b19f2e1a78626ac1f2f8d276fc2ba# 启动成功之后,我们在本地使用navicat链接测试一下
# navicat链接到服务器的3344 --- 3344 和 容器的3306映射,这个时候我们就可以连接上mysql喽!# 在本地测试创建一个数据库,查看下我们的路径是否ok!
1.4. 匿名和具名挂载
# 匿名挂载
-v 容器内路径
docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx # -P 随机指定端口# 查看所有volume的情况
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local 561b81a03506f31d45ada3f9fb7bd8d7c9b5e0f826c877221a17e45d4c80e096
local 36083fb6ca083005094cbd49572a0bffeec6daadfbc5ce772909bb00be760882# 这里发现,这种情况就是匿名挂载,我们在-v 后面只写了容器内的路径,没有写容器外的路径!# 具名挂载
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
26da1ec7d4994c76e80134d24d82403a254a4e1d84ec65d5f286000105c3da17
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
26da1ec7d499 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx02
486de1da03cb nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx01
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local 561b81a03506f31d45ada3f9fb7bd8d7c9b5e0f826c877221a17e45d4c80e096
local 36083fb6ca083005094cbd49572a0bffeec6daadfbc5ce772909bb00be760882
local juming-nginx# 通过-v 卷名:容器内的路径
# 查看一下这个卷
# docker volume inspect juming-nginx[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[{"CreatedAt": "2020-08-12T18:15:21+08:00","Driver": "local","Labels": null,"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data","Name": "juming-nginx","Options": null,"Scope": "local"}
]
所有docker容器内的卷,没有指定目录的情况下都是在/var/lib/docker/volumes/xxxxx/_data
我们通过具名挂载可以方便的找到我们的一个卷,大多数情况下使用的是具名挂载
# 通过 -v 容器内容路径 ro rw 改变读写权限
ro readonly # 只读
rw readwrite # 可读可写docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx
docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx# ro 只要看到ro就说明这个路径只能通过宿主机来操作,容器内容无法操作
拓展
# 通过 -v 容器内容路径 ro rw 改变读写权限
ro readonly # 只读
rw readwrite # 可读可写docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx
docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx# ro 只要看到ro就说明这个路径只能通过宿主机来操作,容器内容无法操作
五、DockerFile
初始DockerFile
DockerFile就是用来狗之间docker镜像的构建文件!命令脚本!先体验一下!
通过这个脚本可以生成镜像,镜像是一层一层的,脚本一个个的命令,每个命令都是一层!
# 创建一个dockerfile文件, 名字可以随机
# 文件的内容 指定(大写) 参数FROM centosVOLUME ["volume01", "volume02"]CMD echo "----end----"
CMD /bin/bash# 这里的每一个命令都是镜像的一层!
# 启动自己的容器
这个卷和外部一定有一个同步的目录!
docker inspect 容器id
测试一下刚才的文件是否同步到主机上了!
这种方式我们未来使用的十分多, 因为我们通常会构建自己的镜像!
假设构建镜像时候没有挂载卷,要手动镜像挂载 -v 卷名:容器内路径!
数据卷容器
多个mysql同步数据!
# 启动3个容器,通过我们刚才自己写的镜像启动
多个mysql实现数据共享
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker run -d -p 3344:3306 -v /etc/mysql/conf.d -v /var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker run -d -p 3344:3306 -v /etc/mysql/conf.d -v /var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql02 --volumes-from mysql01 mysql:5.7
结论
容器之间配置信息的传递, 数据卷容器的声明周期一直持续到没有容器使用为止。
但是一旦你持久化到了本地,这个时候,本地的数据是不会删除的!
DockerFile
dockerFile是用来构建docker镜像的文件!命令参数脚本!
构建步骤
1. 编写一个dockerFile文件
2.docker build 构建成为一个镜像
3. docker run 运行镜像
4. docker push 发布镜像(DockerHub、阿里云镜像)
查看婴喜爱官方是怎么做的?
很多官方镜像都像是基础包,很多功能都不具备,我们通常会自己搭建自己的镜像!
官方既然可以制作镜像,能我们一样可以!
DockerFile的构建过程
基础知识:
- 每个保留关键字(指令)都是必须大写字母
- 执行从上到下顺序执行
- # 表示注释
- 每个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层,并提交!
dockerFile是面向开发的, 我们以后要发布项目, 做镜像, 就需要编写dockefile文件, 这个文件十分简单!
Docker镜像逐渐成为企业的交互标准,必须要掌握!
步骤:开发,部署, 运维..... 缺一不可!
DockerFile: 构建文件, 定义了一切的步骤,源代码
DockerImages: 通过DockerFile构建生成的镜像, 最终发布和运行的产品!
Docker容器:容器就是镜像运行起来提供服务器
DockerFile指令说明
FROM # 基础镜像,一切从这里开始构建
MAINTAINER # 镜像是谁写的, 姓名+邮箱
RUN # 镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD # 步骤, tomcat镜像, 这个tomcat压缩包!添加内容
WORKDIR # 镜像的工作目录
VOLUME # 挂载的目录
EXPOSE # 保留端口配置
CMD # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令,只有最后一个会生效可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令, 可以追加命令
ONBUILD # 当构建一个被继承DockerFile 这个时候就会运行 ONBUILD 的指令,触发指令
COPY # 类似ADD, 将我们文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV # 构建的时候设置环境变量!
创建一个自己的centos
# 1. 编写Dockerfile的文件
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# cat mydockerfile-centos
FROM centos
MAINTAINER xiaofan<594042358@qq.com>ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH # 镜像的工作目录RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-toolsEXPOSE 80CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "---end---"
CMD /bin/bash# 2. 通过这个文件构建镜像
# 命令 docker build -f dockerfile文件路径 -t 镜像名:[tag] .[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 .Successfully built d2d9f0ea8cb2
Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1
我们可以列出本地进行的变更历史
CMD 和ENTRYPOINT区别
CMD # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令,只有最后一个会生效可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令, 可以追加命令
测试CMD
# 1. 编写dockerfile文件
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# vim dockerfile-cmd-test
FROM centos
CMD ["ls", "-a"]# 2. 构建镜像
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd-test -t cmdtest .# 3. run运行, 发现我们的ls -a 命令生效
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# docker run ebe6a52bb125
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64# 想追加一个命令 -l 变成 ls -al
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# docker run ebe6a52bb125 -l
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "exec: \"-l\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown.
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# docker run ebe6a52bb125 ls -l# cmd的情况下 -l替换了CMD["ls", "-a"]命令, -l不是命令,所以报错了
测试ENTRYPOINT
# 1. 编写dockerfile文件
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# vim dockerfile-entrypoint-test
FROM centos
ENTRYPOINT ["ls", "-a"]# 2. 构建文件
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-entrypoint-test -t entrypoint-test .# 3. run运行 发现我们的ls -a 命令同样生效
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# docker run entrypoint-test
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib# 4. 我们的追加命令, 是直接拼接到ENTRYPOINT命令的后面的!
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ dockerfile]# docker run entrypoint-test -l
total 56
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Aug 13 07:52 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Aug 13 07:52 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Aug 13 07:52 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 340 Aug 13 07:52 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Aug 13 07:52 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 11 2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Aug 9 21:40 lost+found
六、Dockerfile制作tomcat镜像
Dockerfile制作tomcat镜像
- 准备镜像文件 tomcat压缩包,jdk的压缩包!
- 编写Dockerfile文件,官方命名Dockerfile, build会自动寻找这个文件,就不需要-f指定了!
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ tomcat]# cat Dockerfile
FROM centos
MAINTAINER xiaofan<594042358@qq.com>COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txtADD jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz /usr/local/RUN yum -y install vimENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATHENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_73
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/binEXPOSE 8080CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/bin/logs/catalina.out
- 构建镜像
# docker build -t diytomcat .
- 启动镜像
# docker run -d -p 3344:8080 --name xiaofantomcat1 -v /home/xiaofan/build/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/webapps/test -v /home/xiaofan/build/tomcat/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/logs diytomcat
- 访问测试
- 发布项目(由于做了卷挂载, 我们直接在本地编写项目就可以发布了)
在本地编写web.xml和index.jsp进行测试
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"></web-app>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>hello. xiaofan</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World!<br/>
<%
System.out.println("-----my test web logs------");
%>
</body>
</html>
发现:项目部署成功, 可以直接访问ok!
我们以后开发的步骤:需要掌握Dockerfile的编写! 我们之后的一切都是使用docker进行来发布运行的!
发布自己的镜像到Docker Hub
Docker Hub
- 地址 注册自己的账号!
- 确定这个账号可以登录
- 在我们的服务器上提交自己的镜像
# push到我们的服务器上
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker push diytomcat
The push refers to repository [docker.io/library/diytomcat]
2eaca873a720: Preparing
1b38cc4085a8: Preparing
088ebb58d264: Preparing
c06785a2723d: Preparing
291f6e44771a: Preparing
denied: requested access to the resource is denied # 拒绝# push镜像的问题?
The push refers to repository [docker.io/1314520007/diytomcat]
An image does not exist locally with the tag: 1314520007/diytomcat# 解决,增加一个tag
docker tag diytomcat 1314520007/tomcat:1.0
发布到阿里云镜像服务上
- 登录阿里云
- 找到容器镜像服务
- 创建命名空间
- 创建容器镜像
- 点击仓库名称,参考官方文档即可
总结
七、Docker网络
1. Docker网络
链接Docker0
测试
三个网络
# 问题: docker是如何处理容器网络访问的?# [root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat# 查看容器内部的网络地址 ip addr
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ip addr, 发现容器启动的时候得到一个eth0@if115 ip地址,docker分配的!
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
114: eth0@if115: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever# 思考: linux 能不能ping通容器?
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# ping 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.069 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms# linux 可以 ping 通docker容器内部!
原理
- 我们没启动一个docker容器, docker就会给docker容器分配一个ip, 我们只要安装了docker,就会有一个网卡 docker0桥接模式,使用的技术是veth-pair技术!
再次测试 ip addr
- 再启动一个容器测试, 发现又多了一对网卡
# 我们发现这个容器带来网卡,都是一对对的
# veth-pair 就是一对的虚拟设备接口,他们都是成对出现的,一端连着协议,一端彼此相连
# 正因为有这个特性,veth-pair充当一个桥梁, 连接各种虚拟网络设备
# OpenStac, Docker容器之间的链接,OVS的链接, 都是使用veth-pair技术
- 我们测试一下tomcat01和tomcat02之间是否可以ping通!
结论:容器与容器之间是可以相互ping通的!
绘制一个网络模型图
结论:tomcat01和tomcat02是共用的一个路由器,docker0
所有容器不指定网络的情况下,都是docker0路由的,doucker会给我们的容器分配一个默认的可用IP
小结
Docker使用的是Linux的桥接,宿主机中是一个Docker容器的网桥docker0.
Docker中的所有的网络接口都是虚拟的,虚拟的转发效率高!(内网传递文件!)
只要容器删除,对应的网桥一对就没有了!
-- link
思考一个场景,我们编写了一个微服务,database url =ip; 项目不重启,数据ip换掉了,我们希望可以处理这个问题,可以按名字来进行访问容器
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat02 ping tomcat01
ping: tomcat01: Name or service not known# 如何可以解决呢?
# 通过--link既可以解决网络连通问题
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat03 --link tomcat02 tomcat
3a2bcaba804c5980d94d168457c436fbd139820be2ee77246888f1744e6bb473
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a2bcaba804c tomcat "catalina.sh run" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:32772->8080/tcp tomcat03
f22ed47ed1be tomcat "catalina.sh run" 57 minutes ago Up 57 minutes 0.0.0.0:32771->8080/tcp tomcat02
9d97f93401a0 tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:32770->8080/tcp tomcat01
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat03 ping tomcat02
PING tomcat02 (172.17.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat02 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.129 ms
64 bytes from tomcat02 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms
64 bytes from tomcat02 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.110 ms
64 bytes from tomcat02 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.107 ms# 反向可以ping通吗?
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat02 ping tomcat03
ping: tomcat03: Name or service not known
探究:inspect!
其实这个tomcat03就是在本地配置了tomcat02的配置?
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat03 cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.3 tomcat02 f22ed47ed1be
172.17.0.4 3a2bcaba804c
本质探究:--link 就是我们在hosts配置中增加了一个172.17.0.3 tomcat02 f22ed47ed1be
我们现在玩Docker已经不建议使用--link了!
自定义网络!不使用Docker0!
Docker0的问题:它不支持容器名链接访问!
自定义网络
查看所有的docker网络
网络模式
bridge: 桥接模式,桥接 docker 默认,自己创建的也是用brdge模式
none: 不配置网络
host: 和宿主机共享网络
container:容器网络连通!(用的少, 局限很大)
测试
# 我们直接启动的命令默认有一个 --net bridge,而这个就是我们的docker0
docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat
docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 --net bridge tomcat# docker0特点,默认,容器名不能访问, --link可以打通连接!
# 我们可以自定义一个网络!
# --driver bridge
# --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 可以支持255*255个网络 192.168.0.2 ~ 192.168.255.254
# --gateway 192.168.0.1
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 mynet
26a5afdf4805d7ee0a660b82244929a4226470d99a179355558dca35a2b983ec
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
30d601788862 bridge bridge local
226019b14d91 host host local
26a5afdf4805 mynet bridge local
7496c014f74b none null local
我们自己创建的网络就ok了!
在自己创建的网络里面启动两个容器
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat-net-01 --net mynet tomcat
0e85ebe6279fd23379d39b27b5f47c1e18f23ba7838637802973bf6449e22f5c
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat-net-02 --net mynet tomcat
c6e462809ccdcebb51a4078b1ac8fdec33f1112e9e416406b606d0c9fb6f21b5
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker network inspect mynet
[{"Name": "mynet","Id": "26a5afdf4805d7ee0a660b82244929a4226470d99a179355558dca35a2b983ec","Created": "2020-08-14T11:12:40.553433163+08:00","Scope": "local","Driver": "bridge","EnableIPv6": false,"IPAM": {"Driver": "default","Options": {},"Config": [{"Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16","Gateway": "192.168.0.1"}]},"Internal": false,"Attachable": false,"Ingress": false,"ConfigFrom": {"Network": ""},"ConfigOnly": false,"Containers": {"0e85ebe6279fd23379d39b27b5f47c1e18f23ba7838637802973bf6449e22f5c": {"Name": "tomcat-net-01","EndpointID": "576ce5c0f5860a5aab5e487a805da9d72f41a409c460f983c0bd341dd75d83ac","MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:02","IPv4Address": "192.168.0.2/16","IPv6Address": ""},"c6e462809ccdcebb51a4078b1ac8fdec33f1112e9e416406b606d0c9fb6f21b5": {"Name": "tomcat-net-02","EndpointID": "81ecbc4fe26e49855fe374f2d7c00d517b11107cc91a174d383ff6be37d25a30","MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:03","IPv4Address": "192.168.0.3/16","IPv6Address": ""}},"Options": {},"Labels": {}}
]# 再次拼连接
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat-net-01 ping 192.168.0.3
PING 192.168.0.3 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.113 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.093 ms
^C
--- 192.168.0.3 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.093/0.103/0.113/0.010 ms
# 现在不使用 --link也可以ping名字了!
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat-net-01 ping tomcat-net-02
PING tomcat-net-02 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat-net-02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.068 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-net-02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.096 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-net-02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms
我们自定义的网络docker都已经帮我们维护好了对应的关系,推荐我们平时这样使用网络
好处:
redis - 不同的集群使用不同的网络,保证集群时安全和健康的
mysql - 不同的集群使用不同的网络,保证集群时安全和健康的
网络连通
测试打通tomcat01 和mynet
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker network connect mynet tomcat01# 连通之后就是讲tomcat01 放到了mynet网路下
# 一个容器两个ip地址:
# 阿里云服务器,公网ip,私网ip
# 连通ok
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ping tomcat-net-01
PING tomcat-net-01 (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat-net-01.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-net-01.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms
^C
--- tomcat-net-01 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.085/0.092/0.100/0.012 ms
# 依旧无法连通,没有connect
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat02 ping tomcat-net-01
ping: tomcat-net-01: Name or service not known
结论:假设要跨网络 操作别人,就要使用docker network connect连通.....!
实战:部署redis
# 创建网卡
docker network create redis --subnet 172.38.0.0/16# 通过脚本创建六个redis配置
for port in $(seq 1 6); \
do \
mkdir -p /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf
touch /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
cat << EOF >/mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
port 6379
bind 0.0.0.0
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
cluster-announce-ip 172.38.0.1${port}
cluster-announce-port 6379
cluster-announce-bus-port 16379
appendonly yes
EOF
done
# 创建结点1
docker run -p 6371:6379 -p 16371:16379 --name redis-1 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-1/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-1/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.11 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf#创建结点2
docker run -p 6372:6379 -p 16372:16379 --name redis-2 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-2/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-2/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.12 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
#创建结点3
docker run -p 6373:6379 -p 16373:16379 --name redis-3 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-3/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-3/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.13 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
#创建结点4
docker run -p 6374:6379 -p 16374:16379 --name redis-4 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-4/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-4/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.14 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
#创建结点5
docker run -p 6375:6379 -p 16375:16379 --name redis-5 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-5/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-5/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.15 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
#创建结点6
docker run -p 6376:6379 -p 16376:16379 --name redis-6 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-6/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-6/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.16 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf# 创建集群
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker exec -it redis-1 /bin/sh
/data # ls
appendonly.aof nodes.conf
/data # redis-cli --cluster create 172.38.0.11:6379 172.38.0.12:6379 172.38.0.13:6379 172.38.0.14:6379 172.38.0.15:6379 172.38.0.16:6379 --cluster-replicas 1
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
Adding replica 172.38.0.15:6379 to 172.38.0.11:6379
Adding replica 172.38.0.16:6379 to 172.38.0.12:6379
Adding replica 172.38.0.14:6379 to 172.38.0.13:6379
M: 541b7d237b641ac2ffc94d17c6ab96b18b26a638 172.38.0.11:6379slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
M: a89c1f1245b264e4a402a3cf99766bcb6138dbca 172.38.0.12:6379slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
M: 259e804d6df74e67a72e4206d7db691a300c775e 172.38.0.13:6379slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
S: 9b19170eea3ea1b92c58ad18c0b5522633a9e271 172.38.0.14:6379replicates 259e804d6df74e67a72e4206d7db691a300c775e
S: 061a9d38f22910aaf0ba1dbd21bf1d8f57bcb7d5 172.38.0.15:6379replicates 541b7d237b641ac2ffc94d17c6ab96b18b26a638
S: 7a16b9bbb0615ec95fc978fa62fc054df60536f0 172.38.0.16:6379replicates a89c1f1245b264e4a402a3cf99766bcb6138dbca
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join
...
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 172.38.0.11:6379)
M: 541b7d237b641ac2ffc94d17c6ab96b18b26a638 172.38.0.11:6379slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master1 additional replica(s)
M: a89c1f1245b264e4a402a3cf99766bcb6138dbca 172.38.0.12:6379slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master1 additional replica(s)
S: 7a16b9bbb0615ec95fc978fa62fc054df60536f0 172.38.0.16:6379slots: (0 slots) slavereplicates a89c1f1245b264e4a402a3cf99766bcb6138dbca
S: 061a9d38f22910aaf0ba1dbd21bf1d8f57bcb7d5 172.38.0.15:6379slots: (0 slots) slavereplicates 541b7d237b641ac2ffc94d17c6ab96b18b26a638
M: 259e804d6df74e67a72e4206d7db691a300c775e 172.38.0.13:6379slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master1 additional replica(s)
S: 9b19170eea3ea1b92c58ad18c0b5522633a9e271 172.38.0.14:6379slots: (0 slots) slavereplicates 259e804d6df74e67a72e4206d7db691a300c775e
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
docker搭建redis集群完成!
SpringBoot微服务打包Docker镜像
- 构建springboot项目
? IDEA2020 Ultimate版本激活方案 亲测有效
- 打包应用
- 编写Dockerfile
FROM java:8COPY *.jar /app.jar
CMD ["--server.port=8080"]EXPOSE 8080ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]
- 构建镜像
- 发布运行!
# 把打好的jar包和Dockerfile上传到linux
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ idea]# ll
total 16140
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16519871 Aug 14 17:38 demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 122 Aug 14 17:38 Dockerfile# 构建镜像,不要忘了最后有一个点
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ idea]# docker build -t xiaofan666 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 16.52MB
Step 1/5 : FROM java:8
8: Pulling from library/java
5040bd298390: Pull complete
fce5728aad85: Pull complete
76610ec20bf5: Pull complete
60170fec2151: Pull complete
e98f73de8f0d: Pull complete
11f7af24ed9c: Pull complete
49e2d6393f32: Pull complete
bb9cdec9c7f3: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c1ff613e8ba25833d2e1940da0940c3824f03f802c449f3d1815a66b7f8c0e9d
Status: Downloaded newer image for java:8---> d23bdf5b1b1b
Step 2/5 : COPY *.jar /app.jar---> d4de8837ebf9
Step 3/5 : CMD ["--server.port=8080"]---> Running in e3abc66303f0
Removing intermediate container e3abc66303f0---> 131bb3917fea
Step 4/5 : EXPOSE 8080---> Running in fa2f25977db7
Removing intermediate container fa2f25977db7---> d98147377951
Step 5/5 : ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]---> Running in e1885e23773b
Removing intermediate container e1885e23773b---> afb6b5f28a32
Successfully built afb6b5f28a32
Successfully tagged xiaofan666:latest# 查看镜像
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ idea]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
xiaofan666 latest afb6b5f28a32 14 seconds ago 660MB
tomcat latest 2ae23eb477aa 8 days ago 647MB
redis 5.0.9-alpine3.11 3661c84ee9d0 3 months ago 29.8MB
java 8 d23bdf5b1b1b 3 years ago 643MB# 运行容器
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ idea]# docker run -d -P --name xiaofan-springboot-web xiaofan666
fd9a353a80bfd61f6930c16cd92204532bfd734e003f3f9983b5128a27b0375e
# 查看运行起来的容器端口(因为我们启动的时候没有指定)
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ idea]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fd9a353a80bf xiaofan666 "java -jar /app.jar …" 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 0.0.0.0:32779->8080/tcp xiaofan-springboot-web
# 本地访问1
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ idea]# curl localhost:32779
{"timestamp":"2020-08-14T09:42:57.371+00:00","status":404,"error":"Not Found","message":"","path":"/"}
# 本地访问2
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ idea]# [root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ idea]# curl localhost:32779/hello
hello, xiaofan
# 远程访问(开启阿里云上的安全组哦)
以后我们使用了Docker之后,给别人交互的就是一个镜像即可!
八、Docker Compose
Docker Compose
简介
Docker
Dockerfile build run 手动操作,单个容器!
微服务,100个微服务,依赖关系。
Docker Compose 来轻松高效的管理容器,定义运行多个容器。
官方介绍
- 定义运行多个容器
- YAML file配置文件
- single command。命令有哪些?
Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. With Compose, you use a YAML file to configure your application’s services. Then, with a single command, you create and start all the services from your configuration. To learn more about all the features of Compose, see the list of features.
- 所有的环境都可以使用compose。
Compose works in all environments: production, staging, development, testing, as well as CI workflows. You can learn more about each case in Common Use Cases.
三步骤:
Using Compose is basically a three-step process:
- Define your app’s environment with a Dockerfile so it can be reproduced anywhere.
-
- Dockerfile保证我们的项目再任何地方可以运行
- Define the services that make up your app in docker-compose.yml so they can be run together in an isolated environment.
-
- services 什么是服务。
- Run docker-compose up and Compose starts and runs your entire app.
-
- 启动项目
作用:批量容器编排
我自己的理解
Compose是Docker官方的开源项目,需要安装!
Dockerfile让程序在任何地方运行。web服务、redis、mysql、nginx... 多个容器。 run
Compose
version: '2.0'
services:web:build: .ports:- "5000:5000"volumes:- .:/code- logvolume01:/var/loglinks:- redisredis:image: redis
volumes:logvolume01: {}
docker-compose up 100个服务
Compose:重要概念
- 服务services, 容器、应用(web、redis、mysql...)
- 项目project。 一组关联的容器
安装
- 下载
# 官网提供 (没有下载成功)
curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.26.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose# 国内地址
curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.5/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
- 授权
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
体验(没有测试通过)
地址:https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/
python应用。 计数器。redis!
- 应用app.py
- Dockerfile 应用打包为镜像
FROM python:3.6-alpine
ADD . /code
WORKDIR /code
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
CMD ["python", "app.py"]# 官网的用来flask框架,我们这里不用它
# 这告诉Docker
# 从python3.7开始构建镜像
# 将当前目录添加到/code印像中的路径中
# 将工作目录设置为/code
# 安装Python依赖项
# 将容器的默认命令设置为python app.py
- Docker-compose yaml文件(定义整个服务,需要的环境 web、redis) 完整的上线服务!
version: '3.8'
services:web:build: .ports:- "5000:5000"volumes:- .:/coderedis:image: "redis:alpine"
- 启动compose 项目 (docker-compose up)
流程:
- 创建网络
- 执行Docker-compose.yaml
- 启动服务
yaml规则
docker-compose.yaml 核心!
https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/#compose-file-structure-and-examples
开源项目:博客
https://docs.docker.com/compose/wordpress/
下载程序、安装数据库、配置....
compose应用 => 一键启动
- 下载项目(docker-compse.yaml)
- 如果需要文件。Dockerfile
- 文件准备齐全,一键启动项目即可
实战:自己编写微服务上线
- 编写项目微服务
- Dockerfile构建镜像
FROM java:8COPY *.jar /app.jar
CMD ["--server.port=8080"]EXPOSE 8080ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]
- docker-compose.yml编排项目
version '3.8'
services:xiaofanapp:build: .image: xiaofanappdepends_on:- redisports:- "8080:8080"redis:image: "library/redis:alpine"
- 丢到服务器运行 docker-compose up
docker-compose down # 关闭容器
docker-compose up --build # 重新构建
总结:
工程、服务、容器
项目 compose: 三层
- 工程 Project
- 服务
- 容器 运行实例! docker k8s 容器
九、Docker Swarm
Docker Swarm
集群
购买服务器
- 登录阿里云账号,进入控制台,创建实例
4台服务器2G
到此,我们的服务器购买成功!
四台机器安装docker
和我们单机安装一样
技巧: xshell直接同步操作,省时间!
- Docker的安装
Swarm集群搭建
- 工作机制
docker swarm init --helpip addr # 获取自己的ip(用内网的不要流量)[root@iZ2ze58v8acnlxsnjoulk5Z ~]# docker swarm init --advertise-addr 172.16.250.97
Swarm initialized: current node (otdyxbk2ffbogdqq1kigysj1d) is now a manager.To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-3vovnwb5pkkno2i3u2a42yrxc1dk51zxvto5hrm4asgn37syfn-0xkrprkuyyhrx7cidg381pdir 172.16.250.97:2377To add a manager to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the instructions.
初始化结点docker swarm init
docker swarm join 加入一个结点!
# 获取令牌
docker swarm join-token manager
docker swarm join-token worker
[root@iZ2ze58v8acnlxsnjoulk6Z ~]# docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-3vovnwb5pkkno2i3u2a42yrxc1dk51zxvto5hrm4asgn37syfn-0xkrprkuyyhrx7cidg381pdir 172.16.250.97:2377
This node joined a swarm as a worker.
把后面的结点都搭建进去
100台!
- 生成主节点init
- 加入(管理者,worker)
Raft协议
双主双从:假设一个结点挂了!其他结点是否可以用!
Raft协议:保证大多数结点存活才可以使用,只要>1, 集群至少大于3台!
实验:
1、将docker1机器停止。宕机!双主,另外一个结点也不能使用了!
- 可以将其他结点离开docker swarm leave
- worker就是工作的,管理结点操作! 3台结点设置为了管理结点。
- Docker swarm集群增加节点
十分简单:集群,可用! 3个主节点。 > 1台管理结点存活!
Raft协议:保证大多数结点存活,才可以使用,高可用!
体会
弹性、扩缩容!集群!
以后告别 docker run!
docker-compose up!启动一个项目。单机!
集群: swarm docker-service
k8s service
容器 => 服务!
容器 => 服务! => 副本!
redis => 10个副本!(同时开启10个redis容器)
体验:创建服务、动态扩容服务、动态更新服务
- 灰度发布(金丝雀发布)
-
- 编程浪子的博客
docker run 容器启动! 不具有扩缩容器docker service 服务! 具有扩缩容器,滚动更新!
查看服务
动态扩缩容
[root@iZ2ze58v8acnlxsnjoulk5Z ~]# docker service update --replicas 3 my-nginx
1/3: running [==================================================>]
1/3: running [==================================================>]
2/3: running [==================================================>]
3/3: running [==================================================>]
verify: Service converged [root@iZ2ze58v8acnlxsnjoulk5Z ~]# docker service scale my-nginx=5
my-nginx scaled to 5
overall progress: 3 out of 5 tasks
overall progress: 3 out of 5 tasks
overall progress: 3 out of 5 tasks
overall progress: 5 out of 5 tasks
1/5: running [==================================================>]
2/5: running [==================================================>]
3/5: running [==================================================>]
4/5: running [==================================================>]
5/5: running [==================================================>]
verify: Service converged [root@iZ2ze58v8acnlxsnjoulk5Z ~]# docker service scale my-nginx=1
my-nginx scaled to 1
overall progress: 1 out of 1 tasks
1/1: running [==================================================>]
verify: Service converged
移出!docker service rm
docker swarm其实并不难
只要会搭建集群、会启动服务、动态管理容器就可以了!
概念的总结
swarm
集群的管理和编号,docker可以初始化一个swarm集群,其他结点可以加入。(管理,工作者)
Node
就是一个docker结点,多个结点就组成了一个网络集群(管理、工作者)
Service
任务,可以在管理结点或者工作结点来运行。核心,用户访问。
Task
容器内的命令、细节任务!
service
命令 -> 管理 -> api -> 调度 -> 工作结点(创建Task容器维护创建!)
服务副本和全局服务
调整service以什么方式运行
--mode string
Service mode (replicated or global) (default "replicated")docker service create --mode replicated --name mytom tomcat:7 默认的
docker service create --mode global --name haha alpine ping www.baidu.com
拓展: 网络模式 "PublishMode":"ingress"
Swarm:
Overlay:
ingress:特殊的Overlay网络!负载均衡的功能!ipvs vip!
[root@iZ2ze58v8acnlxsnjoulk5Z ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
74cecd37149f bridge bridge local
168d35c86dd5 docker_gwbridge bridge local
2b8f4eb9c2e5 host host local
dmddfc14n7r3 ingress overlay swarm
8e0f5f648e69 none null local[root@iZ2ze58v8acnlxsnjoulk5Z ~]# docker network inspect ingress
[{"Name": "ingress","Id": "dmddfc14n7r3vms5vgw0k5eay","Created": "2020-08-17T10:29:07.002315919+08:00","Scope": "swarm","Driver": "overlay","EnableIPv6": false,"IPAM": {"Driver": "default","Options": null,"Config": [{"Subnet": "10.0.0.0/24","Gateway": "10.0.0.1"}]},"Internal": false,"Attachable": false,"Ingress": true,"ConfigFrom": {"Network": ""},"ConfigOnly": false,"Containers": {"ingress-sbox": {"Name": "ingress-endpoint","EndpointID": "9d6ec47ec8309eb209f4ff714fbe728abe9d88f9f1cc7e96e9da5ebd95adb1c4","MacAddress": "02:42:0a:00:00:02","IPv4Address": "10.0.0.2/24","IPv6Address": ""}},"Options": {"com.docker.network.driver.overlay.vxlanid_list": "4096"},"Labels": {},"Peers": [{"Name": "cea454a89163","IP": "172.16.250.96"},{"Name": "899a05b64e09","IP": "172.16.250.99"},{"Name": "81d65a0e8c03","IP": "172.16.250.97"},{"Name": "36b31096f7e2","IP": "172.16.250.98"}]}
]
其他命令学习方式
- Docker Stack
docker-compose 单机部署项目
docker stack 集群部署# 单机
docker-compose up -d wordpress.yaml
# 集群
docker stack deploy wordpress.yaml
- Docker Secret
安全!配置密码!证书![root@iZ2ze58v8acnlxsnjoulk5Z ~]# docker secret --helpUsage: docker secret COMMANDManage Docker secretsCommands:create Create a secret from a file or STDIN as contentinspect Display detailed information on one or more secretsls List secretsrm Remove one or more secrets
- Docker Config
配置!
[root@iZ2ze58v8acnlxsnjoulk5Z ~]# docker config --helpUsage: docker config COMMANDManage Docker configsCommands:create Create a config from a file or STDINinspect Display detailed information on one or more configsls List configsrm Remove one or more configs