外星人入侵（python设计小游戏）

这个游戏简而言之就是操作一个飞机对前方的飞船进行射击，和一款很久之前的游戏很像，这里是超级低配版那个游戏，先来看看效果图：

由于设计的是全屏的，所以电脑不能截图。。。。

下面的就是你操控的飞船，上面的是要消灭的外星舰队，左上角是剩余的生命，中间是历史最高分，右边是当前分数以及当前阶段。

每当你消灭完整个外星舰队时，就会进入下一阶段，各种属性都会得到提升。下面话不多说，直接展示完整代码：

1.image

首先是图片素材，我都放在了image这个文件夹里面：

可以直接复制我这个图片，我这个后缀是bmp，如果用网上找的图片的话要注意一下后缀问题，不然有一部分代码会报错的，需要自己更改

2.alian_invasion.py

这个是整个项目的主文件，运行的时候要在这个文件下面运行，里面注释写的比较完整，可以直接看详细的注释，相关代码如下：

import sys
import pygamefrom settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import  Alien
from time import sleep
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboardclass AlienInvasion():"""管理游戏资源和行为的类"""def __init__(self):"""初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""pygame.init()self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()self.settings = Settings()self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().widthself.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().heightpygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")#创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例self.stats = GameStats(self)self.sb = Scoreboard(self)self.ship = Ship(self)self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()self._create_fleet()#游戏启动后处于非存活状态self.game_active = False#创造play按钮self.play_button = Button(self,"play")def run_game(self):"""开始游戏的主循环"""while True:self._check_events()if self.game_active:self.ship.update()self._update_bullets()self._update_aliens()self._update_screen()self.clock.tick(60)def _check_events(self):# 监听键盘和鼠标事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:self._check_keydown_events(event)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:self._check_keyup_events(event)elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)def _check_play_button(self,mouse_pos):"""在玩家点击play时开始新的游戏"""button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)if button_clicked and not self.game_active:#还原游戏设置self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()#重置游戏的统计信息self.stats.reset_stats()self.sb.prep_score()self.sb.prep_level()self.sb.prep_ships()self.game_active = True#清空外星人列表和子弹列表self.bullets.empty()self.aliens.empty()#创造一个新的外星舰队，并将飞船放在屏幕下方的中央self._create_fleet()self.ship.center_ship()#隐藏光标pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)def _check_keydown_events(self,event):"""响应按下"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:self.ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:self.ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_q:sys.exit()elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:self._fire_bullet()def _fire_bullet(self):"""创造一个子弹，并将其加入编组buttle"""if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullet_allowed:new_bullet = Bullet(self)self.bullets.add(new_bullet)def _check_keyup_events(self,event):"""响应释放"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:self.ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:self.ship.moving_left = Falsedef _update_screen(self):# 每次循环都重绘屏幕self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullet()self.ship.blitme()self.aliens.draw(self.screen)#显示得分self.sb.show_score()#如果游戏处于非存活状态，就绘制play按钮if not self.game_active:self.play_button.draw_button()# 让最近绘制的屏幕可见pygame.display.flip()def _update_bullets(self):self.bullets.update()# 删除已消失的子弹for bullet in self.bullets.copy():if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:self.bullets.remove(bullet)self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()def _create_fleet(self):"""创造外星舰队"""#创造一个外星人alien = Alien(self)alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.sizecurrent_x,current_y = alien_width,alien_heightwhile current_y < (self.settings.screen_height - 3 * alien_height):while current_x < (self.settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width):self._creat_alien(current_x,current_y)current_x += 2 * alien_width#添加一个外星人后，重置x值并递增y值current_x = alien_widthcurrent_y += 2 * alien_heightdef _creat_alien(self,x_position,y_position):"""创造一个外星人，并将其放入外星舰队"""new_alien = Alien(self)new_alien.x = x_positionnew_alien.rect.x = x_positionnew_alien.rect.y = y_positionself.aliens.add(new_alien)def _check_fleet_edges(self):"""有外星人到达边界时采取响应的措施"""for alien in self.aliens.sprites():if alien.check_edges():self._change_fleet_direction()breakdef _change_fleet_direction(self):"""将整个外星舰队向下移动，并改变方向"""for alien in self.aliens.sprites():alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speedself.settings.fleet_direction *= -1def _update_aliens(self):"""更新外星人的位置"""self._check_fleet_edges()self.aliens.update()#检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):self._ship_hit()#检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕的下边缘self._check_aliens_bottom()def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):# 检测是否有子弹击中了外星人# 如果是，就删除相应的子弹和外星人collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.aliens, True, True)if collisions:for aliens in collisions.values():self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)self.sb.prep_score()self.sb.check_high_score()if not self.aliens:# 删除现有的子弹创造一个新的外星舰队self.bullets.empty()self._create_fleet()self.settings.increase_speed()#提高等级self.stats.level += 1self.sb.prep_level()def _ship_hit(self):"""响应飞船和外星人的碰撞"""if self.stats.ships_left > 0:#将ships_left减1并更新计分板self.stats.ships_left -= 1self.sb.prep_ships()self.bullets.empty()self.aliens.empty()self._create_fleet()self.ship.center_ship()sleep(0.5)else:self.game_active = Falsepygame.mouse.set_visible(True)def _check_aliens_bottom(self):"""检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕的下边缘"""for alien in self.aliens.sprites():if alien.rect.bottom >= self.settings.screen_height:#像飞船一样被处理self._ship_hit()breakif __name__ == '__main__':#创建游戏实例并运行游戏ai = AlienInvasion()ai.run_game()

3.alien.py

这个是管理外星人的类，详细代码如下：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Alien(Sprite):"""表示单个外星人的类"""def __init__(self,ai_game):"""初始化外星人并设置其起始位置"""super().__init__()self.screen = ai_game.screenself.settings = ai_game.settings#加载外星人图像并设置其rect属性self.image = pygame.image.load('image/alien.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()#每个外星人最初都在屏幕的左上角附近self.rect.x = self.rect.widthself.rect.y = self.rect.height#存储外星人的精确位置self.x = float(self.rect.x)def check_edges(self):"""如果外星人位于屏幕边界，返回true"""screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()return (self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right) or (self.rect.left <= 0)def update(self):"""向右移动外星人"""self.x += self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_directionself.rect.x = self.x

4.bullet.py

管理飞船发射子弹的类，详细的代码如下：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Bullet(Sprite):"""管理飞船所发射子弹的类"""def __init__(self,ai_game):super().__init__()self.screen = ai_game.screenself.settings = ai_game.settingsself.color = self.settings.bullet_color#在(0,0)处创造一个表达子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.settings.bullet_width,self.settings.bullet_height)self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtopself.y = float(self.rect.y)def update(self):"""向上移动子弹"""self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed#更新表示子弹的rect的位置self.rect.y = self.ydef draw_bullet(self):"""再屏幕上绘制子弹"""pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

5.button.py

管理游戏创造按钮的类，下面是详细的代码：

import pygame.fontclass Button:"""为游戏创造按钮的类"""def __init__(self,ai_game,msg):"""初始化按钮的属性"""self.screen = ai_game.screenself.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()#按钮尺寸和其他属性self.width,self.height = 200,50self.button_color = (0,135,0)self.text_colot = (255,255,255)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)#创造按钮的rect对象，并使其居中self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center#按钮标签只需要创造一次self._prep_msg(msg)def _prep_msg(self,msg):"""将msg渲染成图像爱过你，并将其在按钮上居中"""self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_colot,self.button_color)self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.centerdef draw_button(self):"""绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本"""self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

6.game_stats.py

管理游戏信息的类，详细的代码如下：

class GameStats:"""跟踪游戏的统计信息"""def __init__(self,ai_game):"""统计初始信息"""self.settings = ai_game.settingsself.reset_stats()#在任何情况下都不应该重置最高分self.high_score = 0def reset_stats(self):"""初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limitself.score = 0self.level = 1

7.scoreboard.py

关于游戏得分的类，详细代码如下：

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Groupfrom ship import Ship
class Scoreboard:"""显示游戏得分的类"""def __init__(self,ai_game):"""初始化显示得分的属性"""self.ai_game = ai_gameself.screen = ai_game.screenself.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()self.settings =ai_game.settingsself.stats = ai_game.stats#显示得分信息时用的字体self.text_color = (30,30,30)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)#准备初始得分图像self.prep_score()self.prep_high_score()self.prep_level()self.prep_ships()def prep_score(self):"""将得分渲染成图像"""rounded_score = round(self.stats.score,-1)score_str = f"{rounded_score:,}"self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)#在屏幕右上角显示得分self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20self.score_rect.top = 20def show_score(self):"""在屏幕上显示得分"""self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)self.ships.draw(self.screen)def prep_high_score(self):"""将最高分渲染成图像"""high_score = round(self.stats.high_score,-1)high_score_str = f"{high_score:,}"self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)#将最高分放在屏幕顶部的中央self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerxself.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.topdef check_high_score(self):"""检查是否产生了新高分"""if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:self.stats.high_score = self.stats.scoreself.prep_high_score()def prep_level(self):"""将等级渲染成图像"""level_str = str(self.stats.level)self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)#将等级放在得分下面self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.rightself.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10def prep_ships(self):"""显示还剩下多少飞船"""self.ships = Group()for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):ship = Ship(self.ai_game)ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.widthship.rect.y = 10self.ships.add(ship)

8.settings.py

关于游戏设置的类，详细代码如下：

class Settings:"""初始化游戏的静态设置"""def __init__(self):"""初始化游戏设置"""#屏幕设置self.screen_width = 1200self.screen_height = 800self.bg_color = (230,230,230)#飞船的设置self.ship_speed = 1.5self.ship_limit = 3#子弹设置self.bullet_speed = 2.5self.bullet_width = 3self.bullet_height = 15self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)self.bullet_allowed = 3#外星人设置self.alien_speed = 1.0self.fleet_drop_speed = 10#fleet_direction为1表示向右移动，-1表示向左移动self.fleet_direction = 1#以什么速度加快游戏的节奏self.speedup_scale = 1.1#外星人分数的提高速度self.score_scale = 1.5self.initialize_dynamic_settings()def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):"""初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""self.ship_speed = 1.5self.bullet_speed = 2.5self.alien_speed = 1.0#fleet_direction为1表示向右，-1向左self.fleet_direction = 1# 记分设置self.alien_points = 50def increase_speed(self):"""提高速度设置的值"""self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scaleself.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scaleself.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scaleself.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

9.ship.py

关于飞船的类，详细代码如下：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):"""管理飞船的类"""def __init__(self,ai_game):"""初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""super().__init__()self.screen = ai_game.screenself.settings = ai_game.settingsself.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()#加载飞船图像并获取外部形状self.image = pygame.image.load('image/ship.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()#每艘飞船都放在屏幕底部的中央self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom#在飞船的属性中储存一个浮点数self.x = float(self.rect.x)#移动标志self.moving_right = Falseself.moving_left = Falsedef update(self):"""根据移动标志调整飞船位置"""if self.moving_right and self.moving_right < self.screen_rect.right:self.x += self.settings.ship_speedif self.moving_left and self.moving_left > 0:self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed#根据self.x更新rect对象self.rect.x = self.xdef blitme(self):"""在指定位置绘制飞船"""self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)def center_ship(self):"""把飞船放在屏幕中间"""self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottomself.x = float(self.rect.x)

以上就是本项目的完整代码，可以把他们放在同一个文件夹下面来运行试试。