如何编写单元测试

一、前言知识

1.开发过程

需求分析->设计->开发->测试->上线

2.测试种类

单元测试(测试模块编码)、黑盒测试(测试功能是否满足需求)、白盒测试(测试程序内部的逻辑结构)、回归测试(提出的缺陷进行二次验证)、集成测试(测试主要的业务功能及模块间的整合性)、系统测试(测试整个产品系统)

二、单元测试的使用

1.引入相关依赖

<!-- 单元测试的依赖--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId><artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.12</version><scope>test</scope></dependency>

2.编写单元测试方法

断言：判断程序结果是否符合预期 TestCase.assertXXX

package net.xdclass.demoproject;import junit.framework.TestCase;
import net.xdclass.demoproject.domain.Video;
import net.xdclass.demoproject.service.VideoService;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.List;//1.配置
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)  //底层用junit  SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
@SpringBootTest(classes={DemoProjectApplication.class})//启动整个springboot工程
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class VideoTest {@Autowired//会自动将VideoService对象注入到VideoTest对象中,相当于new VideoService()private VideoService videoService;//2.常用注解的使用@Before//在测试用例执行前执行public void testOne(){System.out.println("这个是测试 before");}@Test//测试用例public void testVideoList(){List<Video> videoList = videoService.listVideo();//判断videoList的大小是否大于0,如果大于0,则测试通过,如果小于0,则测试失败TestCase.assertTrue(videoList.size()>0);}@After//在测试用例执行后执行public void testThree(){System.out.println("这个是测试 after");}}

三、单元测试的应用

1.测试controller层登录方法

UserTest

package net.xdclass.demoproject;import junit.framework.TestCase;
import net.xdclass.demoproject.controller.UserController;
import net.xdclass.demoproject.domain.User;
import net.xdclass.demoproject.utils.JsonData;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)  //底层用junit  SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
@SpringBootTest(classes={DemoProjectApplication.class})//启动整个springboot工程
public class UserTest {@Autowiredprivate UserController userController;@Testpublic void loginTest(){//模拟前端传递过来的参数User user = new User();user.setUsername("jack");user.setPwd("1234");//调用controller的login方法JsonData jsonData  = userController.login(user);//打印返回的json数据System.out.println(jsonData.toString());//断言TestCase.assertEquals(0,jsonData.getCode());}
}

2.测试service层视频列表

VideoTest

package net.xdclass.demoproject;import junit.framework.TestCase;
import net.xdclass.demoproject.domain.Video;
import net.xdclass.demoproject.service.VideoService;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.List;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)  //底层用junit  SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
@SpringBootTest(classes={DemoProjectApplication.class})//启动整个springboot工程
public class VideoTest {@Autowired//会自动将VideoService对象注入到VideoTest对象中,相当于new VideoService()private VideoService videoService;@Test//测试用例public void testVideoList(){List<Video> videoList = videoService.listVideo();//判断videoList的大小是否大于0,如果大于0,则测试通过,如果小于0,则测试失败TestCase.assertTrue(videoList.size()>0);}}

3.测试对外提供的接口

VideoTest

package net.xdclass.demoproject;import junit.framework.TestCase;
import net.xdclass.demoproject.domain.Video;
import net.xdclass.demoproject.service.VideoService;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.List;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)  //底层用junit  SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
@SpringBootTest(classes={DemoProjectApplication.class})//启动整个springboot工程
@AutoConfigureMockMvc//自动注入MockMvc对象,用于模拟请求
public class VideoTest {@Autowired//会自动将VideoService对象注入到VideoTest对象中,相当于new VideoService()private VideoService videoService;@Autowiredprivate MockMvc mockMvc;//模拟请求@Test//测试用例public void testVideoListApi()throws Exception{//模拟请求:会返回一个MvcResult对象,里面包含了响应的状态码,响应的内容MvcResult mvcResult =  mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/api/v1/pub/video/list"))//访问接口的地址.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andReturn();int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();//获取响应的状态码System.out.println(status);// 使用下面这个，增加编码说明，就不会乱码打印String result = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));System.out.println(result);}
}