01 背景
在后端开发中,通常会有文件下载的需求,常用的解决方案有两种:
- 不通过后端应用,直接使用
nginx
直接转发文件地址下载(适用于一些公开的文件,因为这里不需要授权) - 通过后端进行下载,同时进行一些业务处理
本篇主要以方法2
进行介绍,方法2
的原理步骤如下:
- 读取文件,得到文件的字节流
- 将字节流写入到响应输出流中
02 一次性读取到内存,通过响应输出流输出到前端
@GetMapping("/file/download")public void fileDownload(HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam("filePath") String filePath) {File file = new File(filePath);if (!file.exists()) {throw new BusinessException("当前下载的文件不存在,请检查路径是否正确");}// 将文件写入输入流try (InputStream is = new BufferedInputStream(Files.newInputStream(file.toPath()))) {// 一次性读取到内存中byte[] buffer = new byte[is.available()];int read = is.read(buffer);// 清空 responseresponse.reset();response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");// Content-Disposition的作用:告知浏览器以何种方式显示响应返回的文件,用浏览器打开还是以附件的形式下载到本地保存// attachment表示以附件方式下载 inline表示在线打开 "Content-Disposition: inline; filename=文件名.mp3"// filename表示文件的默认名称,因为网络传输只支持URL编码的相关支付,因此需要将文件名URL编码后进行传输,前端收到后需要反编码才能获取到真正的名称response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(file.getName(), "UTF-8"));// 告知浏览器文件的大小response.addHeader("Content-Length", "" + file.length());OutputStream outputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(response.getOutputStream());response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");outputStream.write(buffer);outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}
适用于小文件,如果文件过大,一次性读取到内存中可能会出现oom的问题
02 将文件流通过循环写入到响应输出流中(推荐)
@GetMapping("/file/download")public void fileDownload(HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam("filePath") String filePath) {File file = new File(filePath);if (!file.exists()) {throw new BusinessException("当前下载的文件不存在,请检查路径是否正确");}// 清空 responseresponse.reset();response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(file.getName(), "UTF-8"));response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");// 将文件读到输入流中try (InputStream is = new BufferedInputStream(Files.newInputStream(file.toPath()))) {OutputStream outputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(response.getOutputStream());byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int len;//从输入流中读取一定数量的字节,并将其存储在缓冲区字节数组中,读到末尾返回-1while((len = is.read(buffer)) > 0){outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);}outputStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}
03 从网络上获取文件并返回给前端
@GetMapping("/net/download")public void netDownload(HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam("fileAddress") String fileAddress, @RequestParam("filename") String filename) {try {URL url = new URL(fileAddress);URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();response.reset();response.setContentType(conn.getContentType());response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(filename, "UTF-8"));byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int len;OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0) {outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);}inputStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}
04 从网络上获取文本并下载到本地
@GetMapping("/netDownloadLocal")public void downloadNet(@RequestParam("netAddress") String netAddress, @RequestParam("filepath") String filepath) {try {URL url = new URL(netAddress);URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(filepath);int byteread;byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];while ((byteread = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, byteread);}fileOutputStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}
05 总结
一定要搞清楚InputStream
和OutputStream
的区别,如果搞不清楚的,可以和字符流进行映射,InputStream -> Reader
,OutPutStream -> Writer
,换成这样你就知道读取内容需要使用Reader
,写入需要使用Writer
了。
返回给前端的是输出流,不需要你显示的去返回(return response;
),这样会报错