Kubernetes概述
使用kubeadm快速部署一个k8s集群
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（一）主机准备和负载均衡器安装
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（二）ETCD集群部署
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（三）部署api-server
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（四）部署kubectl和kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（五）kubelet、kube-proxy、Calico、CoreDNS
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（六）Kubernetes集群节点添加
1. 部署kubectl
1.1 创建kubectl证书请求文件
在master1执行
[root@k8s-master1 /]#cd /data/k8s-work
cat > admin-csr.json << "EOF"
{"CN": "admin","hosts": [], #通过conf文件对集群进行访问，所以这里不指定主机"key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "system:masters", "OU": "system"}]
}
EOF
说明：后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权；
kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings，如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有 API的权限；
O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters，kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时 ，由于证书被 CA 签名，所以认证通过，同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的 system:masters，所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限；
注：
这个admin 证书，是将来生成管理员用的kubeconfig 配置文件用的，现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对kubernetes 进行角色权限控制， kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段 作为User， O 字段作为 Group；
"O": "system:masters", 必须是system:masters，否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。
1.2 生成证书文件
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
1.3 复制文件到指定目录
cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
1.4 生成kubeconfig配置文件
kube.config`` 为 kubectl 的配置文件，包含访问 `apiserver 的所有信息，如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube.config# cat kube.config#设置管理员证书
kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config# cat kube.config#设置安全上下文
kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config# cat kube.configkubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config
1.5 准备kubectl配置文件并进行角色绑定
mkdir ~/.kube
cp kube.config ~/.kube/config
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/config
1.6 查看集群状态
export KUBECONFIG=$HOME/.kube/config
kubectl cluster-info
kubectl get componentstatuses
kubectl get all --all-namespaces
1.7 同步kubectl配置文件到集群其它master节点
k8s-master2:
mkdir /root/.kubek8s-master3:
mkdir /root/.kube
scp /root/.kube/config k8s-master2:/root/.kube/config
scp /root/.kube/config k8s-master3:/root/.kube/config
1.8 配置kubectl命令补全(可选)
yum install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc'
source $HOME/.bash_profile
2. 部署kube-controller-manager
2.1 创建kube-controller-manager证书请求文件
在master1执行
[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]#cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << "EOF"
{"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"hosts": ["127.0.0.1","192.168.10.103", #三台master的ip"192.168.10.104","192.168.10.105"],"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "system:kube-controller-manager","OU": "system"}]
}
EOF
说明：hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP；
CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限
2.2 创建kube-controller-manager证书文件
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
# lskube-controller-manager.csr
kube-controller-manager-csr.json
kube-controller-manager-key.pem
kube-controller-manager.pem
2.3 创建kube-controller-manager的kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfigkubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfigkubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfigkubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
2.4 创建kube-controller-manager配置文件
cat > kube-controller-manager.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--port=10252 \--secure-port=10257 \--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \--service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \--cluster-name=kubernetes \--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \--allocate-node-cidrs=true \--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h \--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \--leader-elect=true \--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \--use-service-account-credentials=true \--alsologtostderr=true \--logtostderr=false \--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \--v=2"
EOF
2.5 创建服务启动文件
[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]# cat > kube-controller-manager.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
2.6 同步文件到集群master节点
cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-controller-manager.service k8s-master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp kube-controller-manager.service k8s-master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
#查看证书
openssl x509 -in /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem -noout -text
2.7 启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
kubectl get componentstatuses
3. 部署kube-scheduler
3.1 创建kube-scheduler证书请求文件
[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]# cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << "EOF"
{"CN": "system:kube-scheduler","hosts": ["127.0.0.1","192.168.10.103","192.168.10.104","192.168.10.105"],"key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "system:kube-scheduler","OU": "system"}]
}
EOF
3.2 生成kube-scheduler证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
# ls
kube-scheduler.csr
kube-scheduler-csr.json
kube-scheduler-key.pem
kube-scheduler.pem
3.3 创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfigkubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfigkubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfigkubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
3.4 创建服务配置文件
cat > kube-scheduler.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--address=127.0.0.1 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--leader-elect=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2"
EOF
3.5创建服务启动配置文件
cat > kube-scheduler.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3.6 同步文件至集群master节点
cp kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp kube-scheduler*.pem k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-scheduler*.pem k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-scheduler.service k8s-master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp kube-scheduler.service k8s-master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
3.7 启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
kubectl get componentstatuses
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-KAnxrdBq-1691074083716)(img/2023-08-02-22-15-45.png)]## 1. 部署kubectl
1.1 创建kubectl证书请求文件
在master1执行
[root@k8s-master1 /]#cd /data/k8s-work
cat > admin-csr.json << "EOF"
{"CN": "admin","hosts": [], #通过conf文件对集群进行访问，所以这里不指定主机"key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "system:masters", "OU": "system"}]
}
EOF
说明：后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权；
kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings，如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有 API的权限；
O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters，kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时 ，由于证书被 CA 签名，所以认证通过，同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的 system:masters，所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限；
注：
这个admin 证书，是将来生成管理员用的kubeconfig 配置文件用的，现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对kubernetes 进行角色权限控制， kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段 作为User， O 字段作为 Group；
"O": "system:masters", 必须是system:masters，否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。
1.2 生成证书文件
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
1.3 复制文件到指定目录
cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
1.4 生成kubeconfig配置文件
kube.config`` 为 kubectl 的配置文件，包含访问 `apiserver 的所有信息，如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube.config# cat kube.config#设置管理员证书
kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config# cat kube.config#设置安全上下文
kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config# cat kube.configkubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config
1.5 准备kubectl配置文件并进行角色绑定
mkdir ~/.kube
cp kube.config ~/.kube/config
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/config
1.6 查看集群状态
export KUBECONFIG=$HOME/.kube/config
kubectl cluster-info
kubectl get componentstatuses
kubectl get all --all-namespaces
1.7 同步kubectl配置文件到集群其它master节点
k8s-master2:
mkdir /root/.kubek8s-master3:
mkdir /root/.kube
scp /root/.kube/config k8s-master2:/root/.kube/config
scp /root/.kube/config k8s-master3:/root/.kube/config
1.8 配置kubectl命令补全(可选)
yum install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc'
source $HOME/.bash_profile
2. 部署kube-controller-manager
2.1 创建kube-controller-manager证书请求文件
在master1执行
[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]#cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << "EOF"
{"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"hosts": ["127.0.0.1","192.168.10.103", #三台master的ip"192.168.10.104","192.168.10.105"],"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "system:kube-controller-manager","OU": "system"}]
}
EOF
说明：hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP；
CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限
2.2 创建kube-controller-manager证书文件
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
# lskube-controller-manager.csr
kube-controller-manager-csr.json
kube-controller-manager-key.pem
kube-controller-manager.pem
2.3 创建kube-controller-manager的kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfigkubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfigkubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfigkubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
2.4 创建kube-controller-manager配置文件
cat > kube-controller-manager.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--port=10252 \--secure-port=10257 \--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \--service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \--cluster-name=kubernetes \--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \--allocate-node-cidrs=true \--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h \--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \--leader-elect=true \--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \--use-service-account-credentials=true \--alsologtostderr=true \--logtostderr=false \--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \--v=2"
EOF
2.5 创建服务启动文件
[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]# cat > kube-controller-manager.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
2.6 同步文件到集群master节点
cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-controller-manager.service k8s-master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp kube-controller-manager.service k8s-master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
#查看证书
openssl x509 -in /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem -noout -text
2.7 启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
kubectl get componentstatuses
3. 部署kube-scheduler
3.1 创建kube-scheduler证书请求文件
[root@k8s-master1 k8s-work]# cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << "EOF"
{"CN": "system:kube-scheduler","hosts": ["127.0.0.1","192.168.10.103","192.168.10.104","192.168.10.105"],"key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "system:kube-scheduler","OU": "system"}]
}
EOF
3.2 生成kube-scheduler证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
# ls
kube-scheduler.csr
kube-scheduler-csr.json
kube-scheduler-key.pem
kube-scheduler.pem
3.3 创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfigkubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfigkubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfigkubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
3.4 创建服务配置文件
cat > kube-scheduler.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--address=127.0.0.1 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--leader-elect=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2"
EOF
3.5创建服务启动配置文件
cat > kube-scheduler.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3.6 同步文件至集群master节点
cp kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp kube-scheduler*.pem k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-scheduler*.pem k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-scheduler.service k8s-master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp kube-scheduler.service k8s-master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
3.7 启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
kubectl get componentstatuses
