C++文件交互实践：职工管理系统

管理系统需求

实现一个基于多态的职工管理系统

创建管理类

管理类负责内容：

与用户的沟通菜单界面
对职工增删改查的操作
与文件的读写交互

文件交互 -- 写文件

void workerManger::save()
{ofstream ofs;ofs.open(FILENAME, ios::out);for (int i = 0; i < this->m_EmpNum; ++i){ofs << this->m_EmpArray[i]->m_Id << " "<< this->m_EmpArray[i]->m_Name << " "<< this->m_EmpArray[i]->getDepNumber() << endl;}ofs.close();
}

文件交互 -- 读文件

第一次使用，文件未创建
文件存在，但是数据被用户清空
文件存在，并且保存职工的所有数据

在构造函数中初始化数据

workerManger::workerManger()
{ifstream ifs;ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);//1.文件不存在情况if (!ifs.is_open()){cout << "文件不存在" << endl;//测试输出//初始化人数this->m_EmpNum = 0;//初始化数组指针this->m_EmpArray = NULL;//初始化文件为空标志this->m_FileIsEmpty = true;ifs.close();//关闭文件对象return;}//2.文件存在但为空判断char ch;ifs >> ch;//如果ch为尾，那么读完后ifs.eof函数为空if (ifs.eof()){cout << "文件为空" << endl;//测试输出//初始化人数this->m_EmpNum = 0;//初始化数组指针this->m_EmpArray = NULL;//初始化文件为空标志this->m_FileIsEmpty = true;ifs.close();//关闭文件对象return;}//3.文件存在，并记录数据this->get_EmpNum();
}
//统计文件中人数
int workerManger::get_EmpNum()
{ifstream ifs;ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);int id;string name;int dId;int num = 0; while (ifs >> id && ifs >> name && ifs >> dId){//统计人数数量num++;}return num;
}

实现代码

职工管理系统.cpp

#include "workerManger.h"
#include"employee.h"
#include"manager.h"
#include"boss.h"
int main()
{workerManger wm;while (true){wm.showMenu();cout << "请输入您的选择：" << endl;int	 num;cin >> num;switch (num){case 0:wm.exitFunction();break;case 1:wm.AddEmp();break;case 2:wm.show_Emp();break;case 3:wm.del_Emp();break;case 4:wm.mod_Emp();break;case 5:wm.find_Emp();break;case 6:wm.sort_Emp();break;case 7:wm.clear_Emp();break;default:system("cls"); //清屏break;}}//Worker* worker = NULL;//worker = new employee(1, "张三", 1);//worker->showInfo();//delete worker;//worker = new manager(2, "李四", 2);//worker->showInfo();//delete worker;//worker = new boss(3, "王五", 23);//worker->showInfo();//delete worker;}

workerManager.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include"employee.h"
#include"manager.h"
#include"boss.h"
#include<fstream>
#define FILENAME "empFile.txt"
using namespace std;
//管理类
class workerManger
{
public:workerManger();~workerManger();//菜单界面void showMenu();//退出功能void exitFunction();//添加职工功能void AddEmp();//写入文件功能void save();//统计文件中人数int get_EmpNum();//初始化员工void init_Emp();//显示员工void show_Emp();//删除员工//判断员工是否存在，如果存在返回职工所在数组中的位置，//不存在则返回-1int IsExit(int id);void del_Emp();//修改员工void mod_Emp();//查找员工void find_Emp();//员工排序void sort_Emp();//清空数据void clear_Emp();//记录文件中的人数个数int m_EmpNum;//员工数组的指针Worker** m_EmpArray;//标志文件是否为空bool m_FileIsEmpty;};

workerManager.cpp

#include "workerManger.h"void workerManger:: showMenu()
{cout << "***********************************" << endl;cout << "******** 欢迎使用职工管理系统！***********" << endl;cout << "******** 0. 退出管理程序  ***************" << endl;cout << "******** 1. 增加职工信息  ***************" << endl;cout << "******** 2. 显示职工信息****************" << endl;cout << "******** 3. 删除离职员工****************" << endl;cout << "******** 4. 修改员工信息****************" << endl;cout << "******** 5. 查找员工信息****************" << endl;cout << "******** 6. 按照编号排序****************" << endl;cout << "******** 7. 清空所有文档****************" << endl;cout << "***********************************" << endl;
}void workerManger::exitFunction()
{system("pause");exit(0);
}
int workerManger::get_EmpNum()
{ifstream ifs;ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);int id;string name;int dId;int num = 0; while (ifs >> id && ifs >> name && ifs >> dId){//统计人数数量num++;}//关闭文件ifs.close();return num;
}
void workerManger::init_Emp()
{ifstream ifs;ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);int id;string name;int dId;int index = 0;while (ifs >> id && ifs >> name && ifs >> dId){Worker* worker = NULL;//根据不同部门Id创建不同对象if (dId == 1){worker = new employee(id, name, dId);}else if (dId == 2){worker = new manager(id, name, dId);}else{worker = new boss(id, name, dId);}//存放在数据中this->m_EmpArray[index] = worker;index++;}//关闭文件ifs.close();}
workerManger::workerManger()
{ifstream ifs;ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);//1.文件不存在情况if (!ifs.is_open()){//cout << "文件不存在" << endl;//测试输出//初始化人数this->m_EmpNum = 0;//初始化数组指针this->m_EmpArray = NULL;//初始化文件为空标志this->m_FileIsEmpty = true;ifs.close();//关闭文件对象return;}//2.文件存在但为空判断char ch;ifs >> ch;//如果ch为尾，那么读完后ifs.eof函数为空if (ifs.eof()){//cout << "文件为空" << endl;//测试输出//初始化人数this->m_EmpNum = 0;//初始化数组指针this->m_EmpArray = NULL;//初始化文件为空标志this->m_FileIsEmpty = true;ifs.close();//关闭文件对象return;}//3.文件存在，并记录数据int num = this->get_EmpNum();//cout << "职工人数为：" << num << endl;this->m_EmpNum = num;//开辟空间this->m_EmpArray = new Worker * [this->m_EmpNum];//将文件中的数据，存到数组中this->init_Emp();}
void workerManger::save()
{ofstream ofs;ofs.open(FILENAME, ios::out);for (int i = 0; i < this->m_EmpNum; ++i){ofs << this->m_EmpArray[i]->m_Id << " "<< this->m_EmpArray[i]->m_Name << " "<< this->m_EmpArray[i]->m_dId << endl;}ofs.close();
}
void workerManger:: AddEmp()
{cout << "请输入增加员工数量：" << endl;int addNum = 0;cin >> addNum;if (addNum > 0){//计算新空间大小int newSize = this->m_EmpNum + addNum;//开辟新空间Worker** newSpace = new Worker * [newSize];int num = 0;if (this->m_EmpArray != NULL){for (int i = 0; i < this->m_EmpNum; ++i){newSpace[i] = this->m_EmpArray[i];num++;}}for (int i = 0; i < addNum; ++i){int id;//职工编号string name;//职工名字int dId; //部门选择int preNum = this->m_EmpNum+i;cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个职工的编号：" << endl;cin >> id;cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个职工的名字：" << endl;cin >> name;cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个职工的职位：" << endl;cout << "1.普通职工" << endl;cout << "2.经理" << endl;cout << "3.老板" << endl;cin >> dId;Worker* worker = NULL;switch (dId){case 1:worker = new employee(id, name, dId);break;case 2:worker = new manager(id, name, dId);break;case 3:worker = new boss(id, name, dId);break;default:break;}//将创建职工职责，添加到数组中newSpace[this->m_EmpNum + i] = worker;}//释放原有空间delete[] this->m_EmpArray;//更改新空间的指向this->m_EmpArray = newSpace;//更新新的职工人数this->m_EmpNum = newSize;//更新职工不为空标志this->m_FileIsEmpty = false;//保存职工内容this->save();//提示添加成功cout << "成功添加" << addNum << "名新职工" << endl;//按任意键后，清屏回到上级目录	system("pause");system("cls");}else{cout << "输入有误" << endl;}}
//显示员工
void workerManger::show_Emp()
{if (this->m_FileIsEmpty){cout << "文件不存在或记录为空！" << endl;}else{for (int i = 0; i < m_EmpNum; ++i){//利用多态调用接口this->m_EmpArray[i]->showInfo();}}system("pause");system("cls");
}//删除员工
void workerManger::del_Emp()
{if (this->m_FileIsEmpty){cout << "文件不存在或记录为空！" << endl;}else{//按照职工编号删除cout << "请输入想要删除的职工编号：" << endl;int id = 0;cin >> id;int index = this->IsExit(id);if (index != -1)//找到员工{for (int i = index; i < this->m_EmpNum-1; ++i){this->m_EmpArray[i] = this->m_EmpArray[i + 1];}//更新数组中记录人员数this->m_EmpNum--;//更新文件this->save();cout << "删除成功！" << endl;}else{cout << "删除失败，没有该员工！" << endl;}}system("pause");system("cls");
}
int workerManger::IsExit(int id)
{int index = -1;for (int i = 0; i < this->m_EmpNum; ++i){if (this->m_EmpArray[i]->m_Id == id){index = i;break;}}return index;
}
//修改员工
void workerManger::mod_Emp()
{if (this->m_FileIsEmpty){cout << "文件不存在或记录为空！" << endl;}else{cout << "请输入要修改职工的编号：" << endl;int id;cin >> id;int index = this->IsExit(id);if (index != -1){delete this->m_EmpArray[index];int new_id;string new_name;int new_dId;cout << "查到："<<id<<"号员工，请输入新职工号：" << endl;cin >> new_id;cout << "请输入修改后职工的姓名：" << endl;cin >> new_name;cout << "请输入修改后职工的编号：" << endl;cout << "1.普通职工" << endl;cout << "2.经理" << endl;cout << "3.老板" << endl;cin >> new_dId;Worker* worker = NULL;switch (new_dId){case 1:worker = new employee(new_id, new_name, new_dId);break;case 2:worker = new manager(new_id, new_name, new_dId);break;case 3:worker = new boss(new_id, new_name, new_dId);break;default:break;}m_EmpArray[index] = worker;this->save();cout << "修改成功！" << endl;}else{cout << "没有找到该员工！" << endl;}}system("pause");system("cls");
}
//查找员工
void workerManger::find_Emp()
{if (this->m_FileIsEmpty){cout << "文件不存在或记录为空！" << endl;}else{cout << "请输入查找方式：" << endl;cout << "1. 按职工编号查找：" << endl;cout << "2. 按职工姓名查找：" << endl;int select = 0;cin >> select;if (select == 1){cout << "请输入查找的职工编号：" << endl;int id;cin >> id;int f = this->IsExit(id);if (f != -1){cout << "查找成功，编号为" << id << "的信息如下：" << endl;this->m_EmpArray[f]->showInfo();}else{cout << "没有该员工！" << endl;}}else if (select == 2){cout << "请输入查找的职工姓名：" << endl;string name;cin >> name;bool flag = true;for (int i = 0; i < this->m_EmpNum; ++i){if (this->m_EmpArray[i]->m_Name == name){cout << "查找成功，姓名为" << name << "的信息如下：" << endl;this->m_EmpArray[i]->showInfo();flag = false;}}if (flag){cout << "查无此人！" << endl;}}else{cout << "输入错误！" << endl;}}system("pause");system("cls");
}
//员工排序
void workerManger::sort_Emp()
{if (this->m_FileIsEmpty){cout << "文件不存在或记录为空！" << endl;system("pause");system("cls");}else{cout << "请输入：1.升序排序" << endl;cout << "2.将序排序" << endl;int select;cin >> select;for (int i = 0; i < this->m_EmpNum; ++i){int minOrmax = i; //声明最小值或最大值下标for (int j = i + 1; j < this->m_EmpNum; ++j){if (select == 1){if (this->m_EmpArray[j]->m_Id < this->m_EmpArray[minOrmax]->m_Id){minOrmax = j;}}else{if (this->m_EmpArray[j]->m_Id > this->m_EmpArray[minOrmax]->m_Id){minOrmax = j;}}}if (minOrmax != i){Worker* temp = this->m_EmpArray[i];this->m_EmpArray[i] = this->m_EmpArray[minOrmax];this->m_EmpArray[minOrmax] = temp;}}cout << "排序成功！" << endl;this->save();this->show_Emp();}
}
//清空数据
void workerManger::clear_Emp()
{cout << "确定清空数据？" << endl;cout << "1. 确定" << endl;cout << "2. 退出" << endl;int select;cin >> select;if (select == 1){ofstream ofs(FILENAME, ios::trunc);//删除文件后文件重新创建ofs.close();if (this->m_EmpArray != NULL){//删除堆区的每个职工对象for (int i = 0; i < this->m_EmpNum; ++i){delete this->m_EmpArray[i];this->m_EmpArray[i] = NULL;}//删除堆区数组指针delete[] this->m_EmpArray;this->m_EmpArray = NULL;this->m_FileIsEmpty = true;}cout << "清空成功！" << endl;}system("pause");system("cls");
}
workerManger:: ~workerManger()
{if (this->m_EmpArray != NULL){delete[] this->m_EmpArray;this->m_EmpArray = NULL;}
}

worker.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Worker
{
public:virtual void showInfo()=0;virtual string getDepNumber() = 0;int m_Id;string m_Name;int m_dId;};

empolyee.h

#pragma once
#include"worker.h"
class employee: public Worker
{
public:employee(int id, string name, int dId);void showInfo();string getDepNumber();
};

empolyee.cpp

#include "employee.h"
employee::employee(int id, string name, int dId)
{this->m_Id = id;this->m_Name = name;this->m_dId = dId;
}
void employee::showInfo()
{cout << "职工编号：" << this->m_Id<< "\t职工姓名：" << this->m_Name<< "\t岗位：" << this->getDepNumber()<< "\t岗位职责：完成经理交给的任务" << endl;
}
string employee::getDepNumber()
{return string("员工");
}

manager.h

#pragma once
#include"worker.h"
class manager : public Worker
{
public:manager(int id, string name, int dId);void showInfo();string getDepNumber();
};

manager.cpp

#include "manager.h"
manager::manager(int id, string name, int dId)
{this->m_Id = id;this->m_Name = name;this->m_dId = dId;
}
void manager::showInfo()
{cout << "职工编号：" << this->m_Id<< "\t职工姓名：" << this->m_Name<< "\t岗位：" << this->getDepNumber()<< "\t岗位职责：完成老板交给的任务，并下发任务给员工" << endl;
}
string manager::getDepNumber()
{return string("经理");
}

boss.h

#pragma once
#include"worker.h"
class boss : public Worker
{
public:boss(int id, string name, int dId);void showInfo();string getDepNumber();
};

boss.cpp

#include "boss.h"
boss::boss(int id, string name, int dId)
{this->m_Id = id;this->m_Name = name;this->m_dId = dId;
}
void boss::showInfo()
{cout << "职工编号：" << this->m_Id<< "\t职工姓名：" << this->m_Name<< "\t岗位：" << this->getDepNumber()<< "\t岗位职责：管理公司所有事务" << endl;
}
string boss::getDepNumber()
{return string("老板");
}