django建站过程（4）创建文档显示页面
- 创建文档显示页面
- 项目主文件夹schoolapps中的文件urls.py
- 在APP“baseapps”中创建url.py文件
- 编写视图
- 模板继承
- bootstrap
- 创建head.html
- 创建doclist.html
- 创建docdetail.html
- 使用 markdown 编辑器
- 安装模块
- Model 模型的documentes中定义修改：
- 执行makemigrations与migrate完成数据迁移。
- 保存markdown中图片路径
- 修改views.py
- 添加markdown到项目的urls文件
- 修改url.py
创建文档显示页面
三个阶段：定义url，视图，模板
前面已创建过第一个页面，这里使用include()，方便以后的项目扩展
项目主文件夹schoolapps中的文件urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include #添加includefrom baseapps.views import index
from baseapps import url #添加“baseapps”下的url.py
urlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path('index/',index),path('doc/',include(url)), #映射“baseapps”下的url.py
]
在APP“baseapps”中创建url.py文件
from django.urls import path
from . import views #导入views
urlpatterns = [path('',views.doclist) #映射到doclist函数
]编写视图
在views.py里添加doclist函数
def doclist(request):return render(request,"index.html")
在“baseapps”中创建文件夹templates,在其中新建一个文件index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
这是一个新的页面
</body>
</html>
测试页面是否正常，http://127.0.0.1:8000/doc,将看到刚才创建的网页
模板继承
{%block content%}{%en%}
bootstrap
全局 CSS 样式 · Bootstrap v3 中文文档 | Bootstrap 中文网 (bootcss.com)下载Bootstrap，在baseapps文件夹下创建static文件夹，下方创建css,img,js,plugins四个文件夹，将bootstrap放到plugins文件夹下
在组件 · Bootstrap v3 中文文档 中选择如下导航作网页顶部，
创建head.html
{% load static %}
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>学校资源中心</title><link href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.css' %}" rel="stylesheet"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'css/code.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"><div class="container-fluid"><!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --><div class="navbar-header"><button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button><a class="navbar-brand " href="#">廻雁阁</a></div><!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="active"><a href="/doc">校园信息 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li><li><a href="doc">Link</a></li><li class="dropdown"><a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="#">Action</a></li><li><a href="#">Another action</a></li><li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li><li role="separator" class="divider"></li><li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li><li role="separator" class="divider"></li><li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li></ul></li></ul><form class="navbar-form navbar-left"><div class="form-group"><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button></form><ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"><li><a href="#">Link</a></li><li class="dropdown"><a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="#">Action</a></li><li><a href="#">Another action</a></li><li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li><li role="separator" class="divider"></li><li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --></div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
</body>
创建doclist.html
用来显示文档列表
{% extends 'head.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list" aria-hidden="true"> 资料列表</span><ol class="breadcrumb">{% for obj in topic_list %}<li><a href="/doc/?p={{ obj.id }}">{{ obj.text}}</a></li>{% endfor %}</ol></div><!-- Table --><table class="table table-hover"><tbody>{% for obj in data_list %}<tr onclick="location.href='/doc/detail/?nid={{ obj.id }}'"><td >{{ obj.title|truncatechars:20 }}</td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div></div>
{% endblock %}
创建docdetail.html
显示文档详情
{% extends 'head.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-subtitles" aria-hidden="true"> 信息详情</span><ol class="breadcrumb">{% for obj in topic_list %}<li><a href="/doc/?p={{ obj.id }}">{{ obj.text}}</a></li>{% endfor %}</ol></div><div class="panel-body"><div class="text-center"><h1>{{ doc_d.title }}</h1><span>{{ doc_d.date_added}}</span></div><hr><p></p><div class="form-group">{{ doc_d.doc_detail|safe}}</div></div></div></div>
{% endblock %}使用 markdown 编辑器
安装模块
pip install django-mdeditor # 用于后台编辑
pip install markdown # view视图中获取到数据库的数据，修饰为html语句，传到前端
pip install Pygments # 实现代码高亮
Model 模型的documentes中定义修改：
class documentes(models.Model):'''定义文档的结构'''topic = models.ForeignKey(topic, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='主题类型')title = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='标题')date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='时间')author = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='作者')text = models.TextField(verbose_name='摘要')doc_detail = MDTextField() # 使用markdown
执行makemigrations与migrate完成数据迁移。
在 settings.py 的 INSTALLED_APPS 中添加APP ’mdeditor’
INSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','baseapps.apps.BaseappsConfig', #或者使用 baseapps'mdeditor',]
保存markdown中图片路径
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'uploads') #新建一个uploads文件夹，且在项目目录下
MEDIA_URL = '/media/' #你上传的文件和图片会默认存在/uploads/editor下 这一步不用创建任何文件夹修改views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from baseapps.models import documentes,topic
import markdown
# Create your views here.
def index(request):return HttpResponse("第一个页面！")
def doclist(request):topic_list = topic.objects.all()data_list = documentes.objects.all().order_by("-date_added")if request.GET.get("p"):p_id = int(request.GET.get("p"))s=topic.objects.get(id=p_id)print(s)data_list = documentes.objects.filter(topic=s).order_by("-date_added")contest = {"data_list": data_list,'topic_list':topic_list}return render(request, "doclist.html",contest)
def docdetail(request):topic_list = topic.objects.all()d_id=int(request.GET.get("nid"))doc_d=documentes.objects.get(id=d_id)doc_d.doc_detail = markdown.markdown(doc_d.doc_detail,extensions=['markdown.extensions.extra','markdown.extensions.codehilite','markdown.extensions.toc',])contest={'doc_d':doc_d,'topic_list':topic_list}return render(request,'docdetail.html',contest)
添加markdown到项目的urls文件
添加图片路径
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,includefrom baseapps.views import index
from baseapps import url
urlpatterns = [path('/mdeditor/',include('mdeditor.urls')),path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path('index/',index),path('doc/',include(url)),path('',include(url)),
]from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static
#图片显示
if settings.DEBUG:urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
修改url.py
from django.urls import path
from baseapps.views import doclist,docdetail
urlpatterns = [path('',doclist),path('detail/',docdetail),
]
至此，后端显示如下：
简单的前端页面显示如下：
详情页显示如下
