vue3 之商城项目—封装SKU组件

认识SKU组件

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SKU组件的作用

产出当前用户选择的商品规格，为加入购物车操作提供数据信息，在选择的过程中，组件的选中状态要进行更新，组件还要提示用户当前规格是否禁用，每次选择都要产出对应的sku数据

SKU组件的使用
假如你在开发的过程中要使用别人开发好的组件，重点看什么？
props和emit，props决定了当前组件接收什么数据，emit决定了会产出什么数据
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点击规格

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准备模版渲染规格数据

<script setup>
import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue'
import axios from 'axios'
// 商品数据
const goods = ref({})
const getGoods = async () => {// 1135076  初始化就有无库存的规格// 1369155859933827074 更新之后有无库存项（蓝色-20cm-中国）const res = await axios.get('http://pcapi-xiaotuxian-front-devtest.itheima.net/goods?id=1369155859933827074')goods.value = res.data.result
}
onMounted(() => getGoods())</script><template><div class="goods-sku"><dl v-for="item in goods.specs" :key="item.id"><dt>{{ item.name }}</dt><dd><template v-for="val in item.values" :key="val.name"><!-- 图片类型规格 --><img v-if="val.picture" :src="val.picture" :title="val.name"><!-- 文字类型规格 --><span v-else>{{ val.name }}</span></template></dd></dl></div>
</template><style scoped lang="scss">
@mixin sku-state-mixin {border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;margin-right: 10px;cursor: pointer;&.selected {border-color: #27ba9b;}&.disabled {opacity: 0.6;border-style: dashed;cursor: not-allowed;}
}.goods-sku {padding-left: 10px;padding-top: 20px;dl {display: flex;padding-bottom: 20px;align-items: center;dt {width: 50px;color: #999;}dd {flex: 1;color: #666;>img {width: 50px;height: 50px;margin-bottom: 4px;@include sku-state-mixin;}>span {display: inline-block;height: 30px;line-height: 28px;padding: 0 20px;margin-bottom: 4px;@include sku-state-mixin;}}}
}
</style>

选中和取消选中实现

基本思路：

每一个规格按钮都拥有自己的选中状态数据-selected，true为选中，false为取消选中
配合动态class，把选中状态selected作为判断条件，true让active类名显示，false让active类名不显示
点击的是未选中，把同一个规格的其他取消选中，当前点击项选中；点击的是已选中，直接取消

<script setup>
// 省略代码
// 选中和取消选中实现
const changeSku = (item, val) => {// 点击的是未选中，把同一个规格的其他取消选中，当前点击项选中，点击的是已选中，直接取消if (val.selected) {val.selected = false} else {item.values.forEach(valItem => valItem.selected = false)val.selected = true}
}
</script><template><div class="goods-sku"><dl v-for="item in goods.specs" :key="item.id"><dt>{{ item.name }}</dt><dd><template v-for="val in item.values" :key="val.name"><img v-if="val.picture" @click="changeSku(item, val)" :class="{ selected: val.selected }" :src="val.picture":title="val.name"><span v-else @click="changeSku(val)" :class="{ selected: val.selected }">{{ val.name }}</span></template></dd></dl></div>
</template>

点击规格更新禁用状态—生成有效路径字典

规格禁用判断的依据是什么？
核心原理：当前的规格sku，或者组合起来的规格sku，在skus数组中对应的库存为0时，当前规格会被禁用，生成路径字典是为了协助和简化这个匹配过程
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实现步骤
1️⃣根据库存字段得到有效的sku数组
2️⃣根据有效的sku数组使用powerSet算法得到所有子集
3️⃣根据子集生成路径字典对象
生成有效路径字典对象

import powerSet from './power-set'
const getPathMap = (goods) => {const pathMap = {}// 1. 得到所有有效的Sku集合 const effectiveSkus = goods.skus.filter(sku => sku.inventory > 0)// 2. 根据有效的Sku集合使用powerSet算法得到所有子集 [1,2] => [[1], [2], [1,2]]effectiveSkus.forEach(sku => {// 2.1 获取匹配的valueName组成的数组const selectedValArr = sku.specs.map(val => val.valueName)// 2.2 使用算法获取子集const valueArrPowerSet = powerSet(selectedValArr)// 3. 根据子集生成最终的路径字典对象// 3.1 遍历子集 往pathMap中插入数据valueArrPowerSet.forEach(arr => {// 根据Arr得到字符串的key，约定使用-分割 ['蓝色'，'美国'] => '蓝色-美国'//初始化key 数组join -> 字符串  对象的keyconst key = arr.join('-')//如果已经存在当前key了 就往数组中直接添加skuId 如果不存在key 直接做赋值 if (pathMap[key]) {pathMap[key].push(sku.id)} else {pathMap[key] = [sku.id]}})})return pathMap
}
// 数据获取完毕生成路径字典
let pathMap = {}
const getGoods = async () => {// 1135076  初始化就有无库存的规格// 1369155859933827074 更新之后有无库存项（蓝色-20cm-中国）const res = await axios.get('http://pcapi-xiaotuxian-front-devtest.itheima.net/goods?id=1135076')goods.value = res.data.resultpathMap = getPathMap(goods.value)// 初始化更新按钮状态initDisabledState(goods.value.specs, pathMap)
}

power-set.js

export default function bwPowerSet (originalSet) {const subSets = []// We will have 2^n possible combinations (where n is a length of original set).// It is because for every element of original set we will decide whether to include// it or not (2 options for each set element).const numberOfCombinations = 2 ** originalSet.length// Each number in binary representation in a range from 0 to 2^n does exactly what we need:// it shows by its bits (0 or 1) whether to include related element from the set or not.// For example, for the set {1, 2, 3} the binary number of 0b010 would mean that we need to// include only "2" to the current set.for (let combinationIndex = 0; combinationIndex < numberOfCombinations; combinationIndex += 1) {const subSet = []for (let setElementIndex = 0; setElementIndex < originalSet.length; setElementIndex += 1) {// Decide whether we need to include current element into the subset or not.if (combinationIndex & (1 << setElementIndex)) {subSet.push(originalSet[setElementIndex])}}// Add current subset to the list of all subsets.subSets.push(subSet)}return subSets
}

点击规格更新禁用状态—初始化规格禁用

思路：遍历每一个规格对象，使用nam字段作为key去路径字典pathMap中做匹配，匹配不上则禁用
怎么做到显示上的禁用呢？
1️⃣通过增加disabled字段，匹配上路径字段，disabled为false，匹配不上路径字段，disabled为true
2️⃣配合动态类名控制禁用类名

// 1. 定义初始化函数
// specs：商品源数据 pathMap：路径字典
const initDisabledState = (specs, pathMap) => {// 约定：每一个按钮的状态由自身的disabled进行控制specs.forEach(item => {item.values.forEach(val => {// 路径字典中查找是否有数据 有-可以点击 没有-禁用val.disabled = !pathMap[val.name]})})
}// 2. 在数据返回后进行初始化处理
let patchMap = {}
const getGoods = async () => {// 1135076  初始化就有无库存的规格// 1369155859933827074 更新之后有无库存项（蓝色-20cm-中国）const res = await axios.get('http://pcapi-xiaotuxian-front-devtest.itheima.net/goods?id=1135076')goods.value = res.data.resultpathMap = getPathMap(goods.value)// 初始化更新按钮状态initDisabledState(goods.value.specs, pathMap)
}

点击规格更新禁用状态—点击时组合禁用更新

思路（点击规格时）
1️⃣按照顺序得到规格选项中的数组[‘蓝色’,‘20cm’,‘undefined’]
2️⃣遍历每一个规格
把name字段的值填充到对应的位置
过滤掉undefined项使用join方法形成一个有效的key
使用key去pathMap中进行匹配，匹配不删，则当前项禁用
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结合上面图片，蓝色-20cm-中国在数组中是没有的，所以中国应该禁用掉

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// 获取选中项的匹配数组
const getSelectedArr = (specs) => {const selectedArr = []specs.forEach((spec, index) => {//目标：找到valus中selected为true的项，然后把它的name字段添加数组对应的位置const selectedVal = spec.values.find(val => val.selected)if (selectedVal) {selectedArr[index] = selectedVal.name} else {selectedArr[index] = undefined}})return selectedArr
}
// 更新按钮的禁用状态
const updateDisabledStatus = (specs, pathMap) => {// 遍历每一种规格specs.forEach((item, i) => {// 拿到当前选择的项目const selectedArr = getSelectedArr(specs)// 遍历每一个按钮item.values.forEach(val => {if (!val.selected) {selectedArr[i] = val.name// 去掉undefined之后组合成keyconst key = selectedArr.filter(value => value).join(spliter)val.disabled = !pathMap[key]}})})
}

产出有效的SKU信息

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什么是有效的SKU？
颜色尺寸产地都选择了

如何判断当前用户已经选择了所有有效的规格？
已选择项数组[‘蓝色’,‘20cm’,‘undefined’]中找不到undefined，那么用户已经选择了所有的有效规格，此时可以产出数据

如何获取当前SKU信息对象？
把已选择项数组拼接为路径字典的key，去路径字典pathMap中找即可

//产出SKU对象数据
const index = getSelectedArr(goods.value.specs).findIndex(item=>item === undefined)
if(index>-1){console.log('找到了，信息不完整')}else{console.log('没找到了，信息完整，可以产出')//获取SKU对象getSelectedArr(goods.value.specs).join('*')const skuIds = pathMap[key]console.log('sku对象',skuIds)//以skuIds作为匹配项去goods.value.skus数组中找}

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完整代码

Xtxsku/index.vue

<template><div class="goods-sku"><dl v-for="item in goods.specs" :key="item.id"><dt>{{ item.name }}</dt><dd><template v-for="val in item.values" :key="val.name"><img :class="{ selected: val.selected, disabled: val.disabled }" @click="clickSpecs(item, val)"v-if="val.picture" :src="val.picture" /><span :class="{ selected: val.selected, disabled: val.disabled }" @click="clickSpecs(item, val)" v-else>{{val.name}}</span></template></dd></dl></div>
</template>
<script>
import { watchEffect } from 'vue'
import getPowerSet from './power-set'
const spliter = '★'
// 根据skus数据得到路径字典对象
const getPathMap = (skus) => {const pathMap = {}if (skus && skus.length > 0) {skus.forEach(sku => {// 1. 过滤出有库存有效的skuif (sku.inventory) {// 2. 得到sku属性值数组const specs = sku.specs.map(spec => spec.valueName)// 3. 得到sku属性值数组的子集const powerSet = getPowerSet(specs)// 4. 设置给路径字典对象powerSet.forEach(set => {const key = set.join(spliter)// 如果没有就先初始化一个空数组if (!pathMap[key]) {pathMap[key] = []}pathMap[key].push(sku.id)})}})}return pathMap
}// 初始化禁用状态
function initDisabledStatus (specs, pathMap) {if (specs && specs.length > 0) {specs.forEach(spec => {spec.values.forEach(val => {// 设置禁用状态val.disabled = !pathMap[val.name]})})}
}// 得到当前选中规格集合
const getSelectedArr = (specs) => {const selectedArr = []specs.forEach((spec, index) => {const selectedVal = spec.values.find(val => val.selected)if (selectedVal) {selectedArr[index] = selectedVal.name} else {selectedArr[index] = undefined}})return selectedArr
}// 更新按钮的禁用状态
const updateDisabledStatus = (specs, pathMap) => {// 遍历每一种规格specs.forEach((item, i) => {// 拿到当前选择的项目const selectedArr = getSelectedArr(specs)// 遍历每一个按钮item.values.forEach(val => {if (!val.selected) {selectedArr[i] = val.name// 去掉undefined之后组合成keyconst key = selectedArr.filter(value => value).join(spliter)val.disabled = !pathMap[key]}})})
}export default {name: 'XtxGoodSku',props: {// specs:所有的规格信息  skus:所有的sku组合goods: {type: Object,default: () => ({ specs: [], skus: [] })}},emits: ['change'],setup (props, { emit }) {let pathMap = {}watchEffect(() => {// 得到所有字典集合pathMap = getPathMap(props.goods.skus)// 组件初始化的时候更新禁用状态initDisabledStatus(props.goods.specs, pathMap)})const clickSpecs = (item, val) => {if (val.disabled) return false// 选中与取消选中逻辑if (val.selected) {val.selected = false} else {item.values.forEach(bv => { bv.selected = false })val.selected = true}// 点击之后再次更新选中状态updateDisabledStatus(props.goods.specs, pathMap)// 把选择的sku信息传出去给父组件// 触发change事件将sku数据传递出去const selectedArr = getSelectedArr(props.goods.specs).filter(value => value)// 如果选中得规格数量和传入得规格总数相等则传出完整信息(都选择了)// 否则传出空对象if (selectedArr.length === props.goods.specs.length) {// 从路径字典中得到skuIdconst skuId = pathMap[selectedArr.join(spliter)][0]const sku = props.goods.skus.find(sku => sku.id === skuId)// 传递数据给父组件emit('change', {skuId: sku.id,price: sku.price,oldPrice: sku.oldPrice,inventory: sku.inventory,specsText: sku.specs.reduce((p, n) => `${p} ${n.name}：${n.valueName}`, '').trim()})} else {emit('change', {})}}return { clickSpecs }}
}
</script><style scoped lang="scss">
@mixin sku-state-mixin {border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;margin-right: 10px;cursor: pointer;&.selected {border-color: $xtxColor;}&.disabled {opacity: 0.6;border-style: dashed;cursor: not-allowed;}
}.goods-sku {padding-left: 10px;padding-top: 20px;dl {display: flex;padding-bottom: 20px;align-items: center;dt {width: 50px;color: #999;}dd {flex: 1;color: #666;>img {width: 50px;height: 50px;margin-bottom: 4px;@include sku-state-mixin;}>span {display: inline-block;height: 30px;line-height: 28px;padding: 0 20px;margin-bottom: 4px;@include sku-state-mixin;}}}
}
</style>

Xtxsku/power-set.js


export default function bwPowerSet (originalSet) {const subSets = []// We will have 2^n possible combinations (where n is a length of original set).// It is because for every element of original set we will decide whether to include// it or not (2 options for each set element).const numberOfCombinations = 2 ** originalSet.length// Each number in binary representation in a range from 0 to 2^n does exactly what we need:// it shows by its bits (0 or 1) whether to include related element from the set or not.// For example, for the set {1, 2, 3} the binary number of 0b010 would mean that we need to// include only "2" to the current set.for (let combinationIndex = 0; combinationIndex < numberOfCombinations; combinationIndex += 1) {const subSet = []for (let setElementIndex = 0; setElementIndex < originalSet.length; setElementIndex += 1) {// Decide whether we need to include current element into the subset or not.if (combinationIndex & (1 << setElementIndex)) {subSet.push(originalSet[setElementIndex])}}// Add current subset to the list of all subsets.subSets.push(subSet)}return subSets
}

页面使用

<script setup>
import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue'
import { useRoute } from 'vue-router'
const goods = ref({})
const route = useRoute()
const getGoods = async () => {const res = await getDetail(route.params.id)goods.value = res.result
}
onMounted(() => getGoods())
// sku规格被操作时
let skuObj = {}
const skuChange = (sku) => {console.log(sku)skuObj = sku
}
</script><!-- sku组件 --><XtxSku :goods="goods" @change="skuChange" />