题目：

题解：

class Solution {public int countRangeSum(int[] nums, int lower, int upper) {long sum = 0;long[] preSum = new long[nums.length + 1];for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {sum += nums[i];preSum[i + 1] = sum;}BalancedTree treap = new BalancedTree();int ret = 0;for (long x : preSum) {long numLeft = treap.lowerBound(x - upper);int rankLeft = (numLeft == Long.MAX_VALUE ? (int) (treap.getSize() + 1) : treap.rank(numLeft)[0]);long numRight = treap.upperBound(x - lower);int rankRight = (numRight == Long.MAX_VALUE ? (int) treap.getSize() : treap.rank(numRight)[0] - 1);ret += rankRight - rankLeft + 1;treap.insert(x);}return ret;}
}class BalancedTree {private class BalancedNode {long val;long seed;int count;int size;BalancedNode left;BalancedNode right;BalancedNode(long val, long seed) {this.val = val;this.seed = seed;this.count = 1;this.size = 1;this.left = null;this.right = null;}BalancedNode leftRotate() {int prevSize = size;int currSize = (left != null ? left.size : 0) + (right.left != null ? right.left.size : 0) + count;BalancedNode root = right;right = root.left;root.left = this;root.size = prevSize;size = currSize;return root;}BalancedNode rightRotate() {int prevSize = size;int currSize = (right != null ? right.size : 0) + (left.right != null ? left.right.size : 0) + count;BalancedNode root = left;left = root.right;root.right = this;root.size = prevSize;size = currSize;return root;}}private BalancedNode root;private int size;private Random rand;public BalancedTree() {this.root = null;this.size = 0;this.rand = new Random();}public long getSize() {return size;}public void insert(long x) {++size;root = insert(root, x);}public long lowerBound(long x) {BalancedNode node = root;long ans = Long.MAX_VALUE;while (node != null) {if (x == node.val) {return x;}if (x < node.val) {ans = node.val;node = node.left;} else {node = node.right;}}return ans;}public long upperBound(long x) {BalancedNode node = root;long ans = Long.MAX_VALUE;while (node != null) {if (x < node.val) {ans = node.val;node = node.left;} else {node = node.right;}}return ans;}public int[] rank(long x) {BalancedNode node = root;int ans = 0;while (node != null) {if (x < node.val) {node = node.left;} else {ans += (node.left != null ? node.left.size : 0) + node.count;if (x == node.val) {return new int[]{ans - node.count + 1, ans};}node = node.right;}}return new int[]{Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE};}private BalancedNode insert(BalancedNode node, long x) {if (node == null) {return new BalancedNode(x, rand.nextInt());}++node.size;if (x < node.val) {node.left = insert(node.left, x);if (node.left.seed > node.seed) {node = node.rightRotate();}} else if (x > node.val) {node.right = insert(node.right, x);if (node.right.seed > node.seed) {node = node.leftRotate();}} else {++node.count;}return node;}
}