秋招面试专栏推荐 :深度学习算法工程师面试问题总结【百面算法工程师】——点击即可跳转
💡💡💡本专栏所有程序均经过测试,可成功执行💡💡💡
上下文Transformer(CoT)块是一种新颖的Transformer风格模块,用于视觉识别。它充分利用输入键之间的上下文信息来指导动态注意力矩阵的学习,从而加强了视觉表示的能力。CoT块首先通过3×3卷积对输入键进行上下文化编码,得到输入的静态上下文表示。然后,将编码后的键与输入查询连接起来,通过两个连续的1×1卷积来学习动态的多头注意力矩阵。最后,将静态和动态上下文表示的融合作为输出。文章在介绍主要的原理后,将手把手教学如何进行模块的代码添加和修改,并将修改后的完整代码放在文章的最后,方便大家一键运行,小白也可轻松上手实践。以帮助您更好地学习深度学习目标检测YOLO系列的挑战。
专栏地址:YOLO11入门 + 改进涨点——点击即可跳转 欢迎订阅
目录
1.论文
2. 将CoTAttention添加到YOLO11中
2.1 CoTAttention代码实现
2.2 更改init.py文件
2.3 添加yaml文件
2.4 在task.py中进行注册
2.5 执行程序
3.修改后的网络结构图
4. 完整代码分享
5. GFLOPs
6. 进阶
7.总结
1.论文
论文地址:Contextual Transformer Networks for Visual Recognition——点击即可跳转
官方代码:官方代码仓库——点击即可跳转
2. 将CoTAttention添加到YOLO11中
2.1 CoTAttention代码实现
关键步骤一: 将下面代码粘贴到在/ultralytics/ultralytics/nn/modules/block.py中
class CoTAttention(nn.Module):def __init__(self, dim=512, kernel_size=3):super().__init__()self.dim = dimself.kernel_size = kernel_sizeself.key_embed = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(dim, dim, kernel_size=kernel_size, padding=kernel_size // 2, groups=4, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(dim),nn.SiLU())self.value_embed = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(dim, dim, 1, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(dim))factor = 4self.attention_embed = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(2 * dim, 2 * dim // factor, 1, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(2 * dim // factor),nn.SiLU(),nn.Conv2d(2 * dim // factor, kernel_size * kernel_size * dim, 1))def forward(self, x):bs, c, h, w = x.shapek1 = self.key_embed(x) # bs,c,h,wv = self.value_embed(x).view(bs, c, -1) # bs,c,h,wy = torch.cat([k1, x], dim=1) # bs,2c,h,watt = self.attention_embed(y) # bs,c*k*k,h,watt = att.reshape(bs, c, self.kernel_size * self.kernel_size, h, w)att = att.mean(2, keepdim=False).view(bs, c, -1) # bs,c,h*wk2 = F.softmax(att, dim=-1) * vk2 = k2.view(bs, c, h, w)return k1 + k2
2.2 更改init.py文件
关键步骤二:修改modules文件夹下的__init__.py文件,先导入函数
然后在下面的__all__中声明函数
2.3 添加yaml文件
关键步骤三:在/ultralytics/ultralytics/cfg/models/11下面新建文件yolo11_CoTA.yaml文件,粘贴下面的内容
- 目标检测
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'# [depth, width, max_channels]n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPss: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPsm: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPsl: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPsx: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:# [from, repeats, module, args]- [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]- [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9- [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10# YOLO11n head
head:- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]- [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]- [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]- [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]- [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)- [ -1, 1, CoTAttention, [1024] ]- [[16, 19, 23], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
- 语义分割
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'# [depth, width, max_channels]n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPss: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPsm: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPsl: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPsx: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:# [from, repeats, module, args]- [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]- [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9- [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10# YOLO11n head
head:- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]- [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]- [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]- [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]- [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)- [ -1, 1, CoTAttention, [1024] ]- [[16, 19, 23], 1, Segment, [nc, 32, 256]] # Segment(P3, P4, P5)
- 旋转目标检测
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'# [depth, width, max_channels]n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPss: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPsm: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPsl: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPsx: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:# [from, repeats, module, args]- [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]- [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9- [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10# YOLO11n head
head:- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]- [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]- [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]- [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]- [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)- [ -1, 1, CoTAttention, [1024] ]- [[16, 19, 23], 1, OBB, [nc, 1]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
温馨提示:本文只是对yolo11基础上添加模块,如果要对yolo11n/l/m/x进行添加则只需要指定对应的depth_multiple 和 width_multiple。
# YOLO11n
depth_multiple: 0.50 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.25 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:1024# YOLO11s
depth_multiple: 0.50 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:1024# YOLO11m
depth_multiple: 0.50 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512# YOLO11l
depth_multiple: 1.00 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512 # YOLO11x
depth_multiple: 1.00 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.50 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512
2.4 在task.py中进行注册
关键步骤四:在task.py的parse_model函数中进行注册,
先在task.py导入函数
然后在task.py文件下找到parse_model这个函数,如下图,添加CoTAttention
elif m is CoTAttention:c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]if c2 != nc:c2 = make_divisible(min(c2, max_channels) * width, 8)args = [c1, *args[1:]]
2.5 执行程序
关键步骤五:在ultralytics文件中新建train.py,将model的参数路径设置为yolo11_CoTA.yaml的路径即可
from ultralytics import YOLO
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
from pathlib import Pathif __name__ == '__main__':# 加载模型model = YOLO("ultralytics/cfg/11/yolo11.yaml") # 你要选择的模型yaml文件地址# Use the modelresults = model.train(data=r"你的数据集的yaml文件地址",epochs=100, batch=16, imgsz=640, workers=4, name=Path(model.cfg).stem) # 训练模型
🚀运行程序,如果出现下面的内容则说明添加成功🚀
from n params module arguments0 -1 1 464 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [3, 16, 3, 2]1 -1 1 4672 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [16, 32, 3, 2]2 -1 1 6640 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [32, 64, 1, False, 0.25]3 -1 1 36992 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [64, 64, 3, 2]4 -1 1 26080 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [64, 128, 1, False, 0.25]5 -1 1 147712 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [128, 128, 3, 2]6 -1 1 87040 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [128, 128, 1, True]7 -1 1 295424 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [128, 256, 3, 2]8 -1 1 346112 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [256, 256, 1, True]9 -1 1 164608 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.SPPF [256, 256, 5]10 -1 1 249728 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C2PSA [256, 256, 1]11 -1 1 0 torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample [None, 2, 'nearest']12 [-1, 6] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]13 -1 1 111296 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [384, 128, 1, False]14 -1 1 0 torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample [None, 2, 'nearest']15 [-1, 4] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]16 -1 1 32096 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [256, 64, 1, False]17 -1 1 36992 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [64, 64, 3, 2]18 [-1, 13] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]19 -1 1 86720 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [192, 128, 1, False]20 -1 1 147712 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [128, 128, 3, 2]21 [-1, 10] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]22 -1 1 378880 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [384, 256, 1, True]23 -1 1 577024 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.CoTAttention [256]24 [16, 19, 23] 1 464912 ultralytics.nn.modules.head.Detect [80, [64, 128, 256]]
YOLO11_CoTAttention summary: 332 layers, 3,201,104 parameters, 3,201,088 gradients, 7.1 GFLOPs
3.修改后的网络结构图
4. 完整代码分享
这个后期补充吧~,先按照步骤来即可
5. GFLOPs
关于GFLOPs的计算方式可以查看:百面算法工程师 | 卷积基础知识——Convolution
未改进的YOLO11n GFLOPs
改进后的GFLOPs
6. 进阶
可以与其他的注意力机制或者损失函数等结合,进一步提升检测效果
7.总结
通过以上的改进方法,我们成功提升了模型的表现。这只是一个开始,未来还有更多优化和技术深挖的空间。在这里,我想隆重向大家推荐我的专栏——《YOLO11改进有效涨点》。这个专栏专注于前沿的深度学习技术,特别是目标检测领域的最新进展,不仅包含对YOLO11的深入解析和改进策略,还会定期更新来自各大顶会(如CVPR、NeurIPS等)的论文复现和实战分享。
为什么订阅我的专栏? ——《YOLO11改进有效涨点》
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前沿技术解读:专栏不仅限于YOLO系列的改进,还会涵盖各类主流与新兴网络的最新研究成果,帮助你紧跟技术潮流。
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详尽的实践分享:所有内容实践性也极强。每次更新都会附带代码和具体的改进步骤,保证每位读者都能迅速上手。
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问题互动与答疑:订阅我的专栏后,你将可以随时向我提问,获取及时的答疑。
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实时更新,紧跟行业动态:不定期发布来自全球顶会的最新研究方向和复现实验报告,让你时刻走在技术前沿。
专栏适合人群:
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对目标检测、YOLO系列网络有深厚兴趣的同学
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希望在用YOLO算法写论文的同学
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对YOLO算法感兴趣的同学等