GRPC

gRPC（gRPC Remote Procedure Call）是由Google开发的高性能、跨语言的远程过程调用框架。它基于HTTP/2协议进行通信，支持多种编程语言，包括C++, C#, Java, Python等，使不同语言的应用程序可以通过远程调用相互通信。

1.关键特点和用途：

1. 高性能：gRPC采用了HTTP/2协议，具有低延迟、高吞吐量和复用连接的特点。这使得它非常适合于需要高性能通信的应用程序。
2. 跨语言支持：gRPC支持多种编程语言，允许不同语言的应用程序之间进行跨语言通信。这使得它在微服务架构中非常有用，因为不同的服务可以使用不同的编程语言实现。
3. IDL（Interface Definition Language）：gRPC使用ProtoBuf（Protocol Buffers）作为IDL，允许您定义服务接口和消息类型。这提供了强类型的通信，使得通信更加清晰和高效。
4. 多种通信类型：gRPC支持不同类型的通信，包括请求-响应、服务器流、客户端流和双向流。这允许您选择最适合您应用程序需求的通信方式。
5. 自动化代码生成：通过ProtoBuf定义服务接口和消息类型，gRPC工具会自动生成客户端和服务器端的代码，这样可以大大减少开发工作量。
6. 认证和安全：gRPC支持各种认证和安全机制，包括SSL/TLS，OAuth等，以确保通信的安全性。
7. 服务发现：gRPC可以与服务发现工具（如Consul、etcd）集成，从而实现动态服务发现和负载均衡。
8. 可扩展性：gRPC是一个可扩展的框架，支持各种自定义扩展和中间件。

2.GRPC思路

Grpc类似于一种协议,遵循网络通讯,以.proto文件为协议模板进行客户端与服务端的交互开发,不限制客户端和服务端的代码语言风格.也可以在服务端与客户端使用不同的语言开发

3.编写.proto文件

// Protocol Buffers 语法版本 proto3 版本
syntax = "proto3";
// 定义了消息类型和服务的包名，类似于命名空间，用于避免命名冲突。
package Calculator;
// 定义了一个 gRPC 服务。在大括号中，您可以列出服务方法的定义。
service CalculatorService 
{// 定义了一个服务方法。rpc 表示定义一个远程过程调用（RPC）方法。MyMethod 是方法的名称，MyRequest 是输入参数类型，MyResponse 是输出参数类型。rpc MyMethod (MyRequest) returns (MyResponse);// 服务器流式方法rpc ServerStreamingMethod(Request1) returns (stream Response1);// 客户端流式方法rpc ClientStreamingMethod(stream Request2) returns (Response2);// 双向流式方法rpc BidirectionalStreamingMethod(stream Request3) returns (stream Response3);
}
message MyRequest 
{repeated int32 num = 10;
}
message MyResponse 
{repeated string strs = 10;
}message Request1
{string Message = 1;
}
message Response1
{string Message = 1;
}
message Request2
{string Message = 1;
}
message Response2
{string Message = 1;
}
message Request3
{string Message = 1;
}
message Response3
{string Message = 1;
}

syntax = "proto3";package Calculator;import "Protos/Calculator.proto";service FirstService {rpc MyMethod (MyRequest1) returns (MyResponse);
}
message MyRequest1 
{repeated int32 num = 10;
}

多个.proto文件间是可以调用的

4.添加.proto文件生成的文件编写服务端和客户端代码

.proto文件生成的文件位置 添加到客户端和服务端

5.服务端代码

using Calculator;
using Grpc.Core;class CalculatorServiceImpl : CalculatorService.CalculatorServiceBase
{/// <summary>/// 发布响应/// </summary>/// <param name="request"></param>/// <param name="context"></param>/// <returns></returns>public override async Task<MyResponse> MyMethod(MyRequest request, ServerCallContext context){MyResponse myResponse = new MyResponse();foreach (int i in request.Num){myResponse.Strs.Add(i.ToString());}return myResponse;}/// <summary>/// 服务器流（Server Streaming）/// </summary>/// <param name="request"></param>/// <param name="responseStream"></param>/// <param name="context"></param>/// <returns></returns>public override async Task ServerStreamingMethod(Request1 request, IServerStreamWriter<Response1> responseStream, ServerCallContext context){for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){Response1 response = new Response1 { Message = request.Message + $"Message {i}" };await responseStream.WriteAsync(response);await Task.Delay(500); // 模拟每秒发送一次数据}}/// <summary>/// 客户端流（Client Streaming）/// </summary>/// <param name="requestStream"></param>/// <param name="context"></param>/// <returns></returns>public override async Task<Response2> ClientStreamingMethod(IAsyncStreamReader<Request2> requestStream, ServerCallContext context){string str = "";while (requestStream.MoveNext().Result){str += requestStream.Current.Message;Console.WriteLine(requestStream.Current.Message);}return new Response2 { Message = str };}/// <summary>/// 双向流（Bidirectional Streaming）/// </summary>/// <param name="requestStream"></param>/// <param name="responseStream"></param>/// <param name="context"></param>/// <returns></returns>public override async Task BidirectionalStreamingMethod(IAsyncStreamReader<Request3> requestStream, IServerStreamWriter<Response3> responseStream, ServerCallContext context){while (requestStream.MoveNext().Result){// 处理客户端发送的请求Console.WriteLine(requestStream.Current.Message);Response3 response = new Response3 { Message = requestStream.Current.Message + "abc" };await responseStream.WriteAsync(response); // 发送响应await Task.Delay(500);}}}class Program
{static void Main(string[] args){const int Port = 50051;Server server = new Server{Services = { CalculatorService.BindService(new CalculatorServiceImpl()) },Ports = { new ServerPort("localhost", Port, ServerCredentials.Insecure) }};server.Start();Console.WriteLine("Calculator server listening on port " + Port);Console.WriteLine("Press any key to stop the server...");Console.ReadKey();server.ShutdownAsync().Wait();}
}

6.客户端代码

using Calculator;
using Grpc.Core;class Program
{const string ServerAddress = "localhost";const int Port = 50051;static void Main(string[] args){MyMethod();ServerStreamingMethod();SelfIncreaseClient();BidirectionalStreamingMethod();Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit...");Console.ReadKey();}/// <summary>/// 发布响应/// </summary>private static void MyMethod(){Channel channel = new Channel($"{ServerAddress}:{Port}", ChannelCredentials.Insecure);var client = new CalculatorService.CalculatorServiceClient(channel);MyRequest myRequest = new MyRequest { Num = { 1, 2, 3, 4 } };MyResponse myResponse = client.MyMethod(myRequest);Console.WriteLine($"Result: {myResponse.Strs}");channel.ShutdownAsync().Wait();}/// <summary>/// 服务器流（Server Streaming）/// </summary>private static void ServerStreamingMethod(){Channel channel = new Channel($"{ServerAddress}:{Port}", ChannelCredentials.Insecure);var client = new CalculatorService.CalculatorServiceClient(channel);Request1 request1 = new Request1 { Message = "ceshi" };AsyncServerStreamingCall<Response1> response1s = client.ServerStreamingMethod(request1);while (response1s.ResponseStream.MoveNext().Result){Console.WriteLine(response1s.ResponseStream.Current.Message);}channel.ShutdownAsync().Wait();}/// <summary>/// 客户端流（Client Streaming）/// </summary>private static async void SelfIncreaseClient(){Channel channel = new Channel($"{ServerAddress}:{Port}", ChannelCredentials.Insecure);var client = new CalculatorService.CalculatorServiceClient(channel);var call = client.SelfIncreaseClient();for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){await call.RequestStream.WriteAsync(new Request2() { Message = $"第{i}个" });await Task.Delay(500);}await call.RequestStream.CompleteAsync();Console.WriteLine($"Result: {call.ResponseAsync.Result.Message}");channel.ShutdownAsync().Wait();}/// <summary>/// 双向流（Bidirectional Streaming）/// </summary>private static async void BidirectionalStreamingMethod(){Channel channel = new Channel($"{ServerAddress}:{Port}", ChannelCredentials.Insecure);var client = new CalculatorService.CalculatorServiceClient(channel);var call = client.BidirectionalStreamingMethod();for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++){// 发送请求await call.RequestStream.WriteAsync(new Request3 { Message = i.ToString() }); await Task.Delay(500);}await call.RequestStream.CompleteAsync();while (call.ResponseStream.MoveNext().Result){// 处理服务器发送的响应Console.WriteLine(call.ResponseStream.Current.Message);}channel.ShutdownAsync().Wait();}
}

7.Demo示例

2023/11/7