「网络安全常用术语解读」通用漏洞报告框架CVRF详解

1. 背景

ICASI在推进多供应商协调漏洞披露方面处于领先地位，引入了通用漏洞报告框架（Common Vulnerability Reporting Format，CVRF）标准，制定了统一安全事件响应计划（USIRP）的原则，帮助创建了多方漏洞协调和披露指南和实践，并建立了一个成功协调多供应商应对众多安全事件的行业领导者信托小组。为了继续取得这些成功，并确保全球社会更广泛的参与，ICASI（Industry Consortium for Advancement of Security on the Internet，互联网安全的行业促进联盟）将作为一个独立组织解散，并将其所有资产于2021年5月28日转移给了FIRST（Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams，事件响应和安全团队论坛）：

ICASI成立于2008年，旨在通过推动安全应对实践的卓越和创新来加强全球安全格局，促进成员之间的合作，以分析、缓解和解决多方利益相关者的全球安全挑战。这一角色将继续，但作为现有FIRST PSIRT SIG的一部分，扩展和提高社区应对多个供应商漏洞的能力。
FIRST成立于1990年，是全球安全事件响应的领导者。

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截止目前，CVRF的治理已从ICASI过渡到结构化信息标准促进组织（Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards，OASIS），并将更名为CSAF（通用安全能告框架）。

2. CVRF概览

通用漏洞报告框架（Common Vulnerability Reporting Format，CVRF）是以机器可读形式（XML文件）发布安全通告（Security Advisory，SA）的行业标准格式。安全通告包含漏洞严重等级、业务影响和修补方案等信息，用以传递漏洞修补方案。安全通告（SA）用于发布华为产品直接相关的严重（Critical）和高（High）等级的漏洞信息及修补方案。安全通告（SA）一般都会提供下载通用漏洞报告框架（CVRF）内容的选项，旨在以机器可读格式描述漏洞信息，以支持受影响客户的工具使用。

CVRF与OVAL格式不同，OVAL格式的目标是能够在安全性方面对系统的状态进行机器验证，而CVRF格式的目标则是基于机器导入票证系统和漏洞跟踪器以进行漏洞响应。

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CVRF样例（CVE-2024-4340）

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Type="Vendor"><ContactDetails>security@suse.de</ContactDetails><IssuingAuthority>SUSE Security Team</IssuingAuthority></DocumentPublisher><DocumentTracking><Identification><ID>SUSE CVE-2024-4340</ID></Identification><Status>Interim</Status><Version>1</Version><RevisionHistory><Revision><Number>2</Number><Date>2024-05-01T23:14:09Z</Date><Description>current</Description></Revision></RevisionHistory><InitialReleaseDate>2024-04-30T23:14:33Z</InitialReleaseDate><CurrentReleaseDate>2024-05-01T23:14:09Z</CurrentReleaseDate><Generator><Engine>cve-database/bin/generate-cvrf-cve.pl</Engine><Date>2020-12-27T01:00:00Z</Date></Generator></DocumentTracking><DocumentNotes><Note Title="CVE" Type="Summary" Ordinal="1" xml:lang="en">CVE-2024-4340</Note><Note Title="Mitre CVE Description" Type="Description" Ordinal="2" xml:lang="en">Passing a heavily nested list to sqlparse.parse() leads to a Denial of Service due to RecursionError.</Note><Note Title="Terms of Use" Type="Legal Disclaimer" Ordinal="4" 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</cvrfdoc>

3. CVRF主要内容

在这里插入图片描述
CVRF一级节点有11个，具体如下：

Title（标题）: cvrf:DocumentTitle
Type（类型）: cvrf:DocumentType
Publisher（发布者）: cvrf:DocumentPublisher
Tracking（跟踪）: cvrf:DocumentTracking
Notes（注释）: cvrf:DocumentNotes
Distribution（分发）: cvrf:DocumentDistribution
Aggregate Severity（严重级别）: cvrf:AggregateSeverity
References（参考）: cvrf:DocumentReferences
Acknowledgements（致谢）: cvrf:Acknowledgements
Product Tree（产品树）: prod:ProductTree
Vulnerability（漏洞）: vuln:Vulnerability

关于CVRF的文档的详细介绍可以参阅如下官方文档：

pcsaf-cvrf-v1.2-cs01.pdf (访问密码: 6277)

4. CSAF是CVRF的替代品吗？

答案是肯定的。CSAF是通用漏洞报告框架（CVRF）的替代品，它增强了CVRF的能力，包括不同的配置文件（例如，CSAF基础、信息咨询、事件响应、VEX等）。每个配置文件通过强制使用标准中的其他字段，直接或间接地通过标准中的另一个配置文件扩展基本配置文件“CSAF基本”。概要文件总是可以添加，但决不能减去或覆盖其扩展的概要文件中定义的需求。CSAF还提供了CVRF不支持的几个附加增强功能。此外，CSAF使用JSON，而CVRF使用XML。

CVRF文件可以转换为CSAF，它将 CVRF 文档作为输入并将其转换为有效的 CSAF 文档。

5. 参考

[1] https://github.com/oasis-tcs/csaf/tree/master/cvrf_1.2
[2] https://oasis-open.github.io/csaf-documentation/
[3] https://www.suse.com/zh-cn/support/security/cvrf/
[4] https://www.redhat.com/zh/blog/csaf-vex-documents-now-generally-available
[5] https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/cvrf-cve/

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