本文主要内容参考资料：AI Agent智能体开发，一步步教你搭建agent开发环境（需求分析、技术选型、技术分解）

与大模型进行多轮对话时，并不是前面的对话真的被大模型记住了，其实还是通过prompt来实现的。也就是在进行多轮对话时，在没有令牌限制或其他限制的情况下，会将前面的对话内容放进目前对话的prompt中。

langchain当中通过memory模块当中的一系列方法来实现多轮对话的记忆存储。

一、对话Memory的实现

1.1 ConversationBufferMemory

langchain中国最常见的一种对话Memory的实现就是基于 ConversationBufferMemory 方法。该方法会保存历史对话的所有内容，并存储在内容中，属于短时记忆。启用的方式是构建一个对话的ConversationChain，将memory的方法作为参数传进去。还可以指定大模型、以及显示prompt的内容等。

示例代码：

import  os
import openai
from  langchain_community.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.chains import ConversationChain
from langchain.memory import  ConversationBufferMemoryos.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = ''
openai.api_key = os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY")llm = ChatOpenAI(model_name = 'gpt-3.5-turbo',temperature = 0.0)
memory = ConversationBufferMemory() # 全部存储conversation = ConversationChain(llm = llm,memory = memory,verbose = True # 开启查看每次prompt内容
)while 1:content = input('user：')print(conversation.predict(input=content))

输出如下：

user：Hi，my name is Rain.> Entering new ConversationChain chain...
Prompt after formatting:
The following is a friendly conversation between a human and an AI. The AI is talkative and provides lots of specific details from its context. If the AI does not know the answer to a question, it truthfully says it does not know.Current conversation:Human: Hi，my name is Rain.
AI:> Finished chain.
Hello Rain! It's nice to meet you. How can I assist you today?
user：what is 1+1?
> Entering new ConversationChain chain...
Prompt after formatting:
The following is a friendly conversation between a human and an AI. The AI is talkative and provides lots of specific details from its context. If the AI does not know the answer to a question, it truthfully says it does not know.
Current conversation:
Human: Hi，my name is Rain.
AI: Hello Rain! It's nice to meet you. How can I assist you today?
Human: what is 1+1?
AI:> Finished chain.
1 + 1 equals 2. Is there anything else you would like to know?user：what is my name?> Entering new ConversationChain chain...
Prompt after formatting:
The following is a friendly conversation between a human and an AI. The AI is talkative and provides lots of specific details from its context. If the AI does not know the answer to a question, it truthfully says it does not know.Current conversation:
Human: Hi，my name is Rain.
AI: Hello Rain! It's nice to meet you. How can I assist you today?
Human: what is 1+1?
AI: 1 + 1 equals 2. Is there anything else you would like to know?
Human: what is my name?
AI:
> Finished chain.
Your name is Rain.

二、几种其他的memory

2.1 ConversationBufferWindowMemory

这个方法不同于上文提到的方法，可以通过参数设置需要记忆的对话轮数

from langchain.memory import  ConversationBufferWindowMemorymemory = ConversationBufferWindowMemory(k = 1) # K参数设置记忆的对话轮数

2.2 ConversationTokenBufferMemory

这个方法可以设置最大令牌上限，其实也是限制记忆的数量，毕竟大模型都是按Token数量收费的，当对话轮数很多时，每次对话记忆耗费的Token数量也会变得很大。指定llm参数是因为每种模型的token计算方式不同。

from langchain.memory import  ConversationTokenBufferMemorymemory = ConversationTokenBufferMemory(llm=llm,max_token_limit=30) # 设置令牌上限

2.3 ConversationSummaryBufferMemory

这个方法会将之前所有的对话轮数根据你设置的令牌上限进行总结，保证新对话的prompt不会超过这个令牌上限，同时又能最大程度保存一些历史对话信息。

from langchain.memory import  ConversationSummaryBufferMemorymemory = ConversationSummaryBufferMemory(llm=llm,max_token_limit=30) 

通过总结摘要的方式，可以实现长对话的记忆功能。

三、自定义Memory

[待更新…]

四、为Chain增加Memory

4.1 在LLMChain上使用Memory

from langchain.chains import LLMChain
from langchain_ollama import OllamaLLM
from langchain.memory import ConversationBufferMemory
from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate# 自定义模版
template = """你是一个可以和人类对话的机器人.
{chat_history}
人类：{human_input}
机器人：
"""prompt = PromptTemplate(template=template,input_variables={"chat_history", "human_input"}
)memory = ConversationBufferMemory(memory_key="chat_history"  # 和prompt中的input_variables中的占位符对应
)llm_model = OllamaLLM(model="llama3.1:8b")chain = LLMChain(llm=llm_model,prompt=prompt,memory=memory
)result = chain.predict(human_input="你知道我叫什么名字吗")
print(result)

4.2 在ConversationChain上使用Memory

from langchain.chains import ConversationChain
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain.memory import ConversationBufferMemoryllm = OpenAI(temperature=0,
)
memory = ConversationBufferMemory(memory_key="history",return_messages=True,
)
chain = ConversationChain(llm=llm,memory=memory,verbose=True,
)chain.predict(input="帮我做个一日游攻略")

4.3 同一个Chain合并使用多个Memory

[待更新…]

4.4 给一个多参数Chain增加Memory

[待更新…]

参考资料

AI Agent智能体开发，一步步教你搭建agent开发环境（需求分析、技术选型、技术分解）