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本次主要介绍论文的开题部分。论文开题的目的是清晰陈述问题并且描述为什么这个问题是重要的。写开题的时候，假想自己正在为了继续研究话题申请项目基金。你不需要陈述你将要运用的精确方法（这个是Introduction部分的内容），你只需要描述你将在模型中用到的方程类型（例如，差分or微分、简单or偏、线性or非线性、随机or确定等）。最后，请定义所有不常见的术语和概念。

本文素材来自Mathematical Methods for Teraherz Interrogation in Biomedical Imaging and Homeland Security Applications, Nathan L. Gibson。

食用方法：
1、下划线部分为可替换内容
2、加粗 部分为可以积累的优秀表达

1

该模板可用于介绍模型所涉及领域近几年的发展，并解释原因。原因可分为两方面，一是时机出现的原因，二是流行的原因。

The ${}^1$past decade has seen a plethora of activity in the field of ${}^2$Terahert imaging. The timing is mainly due to the recent development of ${}^3$highly efficient Terahertz generation and detection devices[17]; the popularity is due to the wide range of applications the technology applies to, and the phenomenal success these methods have achieved when compared to previous approaches ${}^4$(c.f., [17] and the numerous references therein).

内容详解
1、一个时间段。
2、所研究的领域。
3、研究领域在某个时间段活跃的原因，是因为发展了哪个方面呢？
4、注意这里参考文献的表达方法。c.f.可以理解为”试比较“的意思，这里理解为试比较[17]和其中大量的参考文献。
优秀表达
1、a plethora of activity 高度活跃
2、the timing is mainly due to 出现这个时机主要是因为
3、achieve phenomenal success 实现显著的成功

2

该模板可用于介绍所研究内容有哪些应用。首先，说明最重要的应用。其次，再介绍其它应用。

Of great importance to the public are ${}^1$the implications in biomedical imaging. Other applications include ${}^2$the detection of explosive substances hidden among other materials.

内容详解
1、介词放句首倒装，强调最重要的应用。
2、其它的应用。

3

该段可用于介绍要解决的问题，以及要用到的方法。介绍要用到的方法的时候，可以采用分析、对比的手段。

The two problems I intend to investigate are ${}^1$detection of defects in biological tissue, and explosives detection. The approaches to solving these two problems differ in a fundamental way: ${}^2$the characteristic fingerprint used to distinguish substances in a composite material is given in the frequency domain (c.f. [10]), while ${}^3$the reflectometry of biological tissue is computed from the amplitude of a reflected signal in the time domain (see, for example, [15]).

内容详解
1、要处理的问题。
2、处理其中一种问题的方法。
3、处理另一种问题的方法。一般来说不一样，可以用对比的方法展现。
优秀表达
1、differ in a fundamental way 从根本上有区别

4

该段用于介绍某一文献运用了什么方法解决所研究的问题。

In ${}^1$[11], ${}^2$a Quasi-crystalline approximation is applied to ${}^3$non-spherical scatters. In this method, ${}^4$a statistical configurational average is used for the random particle position.

内容详解
1、参考文献。
2、某种方法。
3、所研究的问题。
4、具体阐述这种方法。什么东西用在了这种方法中？

5

该段可用于介绍所研究问题的目前现状，以及站在巨人肩膀上的我们打算做的改进、延伸。

The key to correctly modeling the interactions between ${}^1$Terahertz radiation and tissue is to ${}^2$properly account for the polarization effects. Previous researchers have employed ${}^3$the Debye model [12] as it seems to accurately describe water; ${}^4$a two mode Debye model was used in [7]. However, ${}^5$data fitting to a model which generalizes the Debye model (namely the Cole-Cole model) showed that even a four mode Debye model is not sufficient to characterize the heterogeneous mixture that is human tissue [14]. We anticipate that ${}^6$these effects are due to scattering mechanisms in the material, and ${}^7$the work of [8] seems to validate this expectation. We hope to devise ${}^8$a physical model which will include time-domain scattering effects and distributions of dielectric parameters. Previously, ${}^9$we have used experimental data in determining these unknown distributions [6]. I intend to ${}^{10}$extend these results to non-parameterized distributions.

内容详解
1、建模分析的对象。
2、建模的关键。
3-4、之前研究运用的模型。
5、一个however转折指出之前模型的缺陷。
6-7、预测之前研究运用的模型缺陷成因，并用文献举例论证。
9-10、之前的处理方法以及我们改进后的方法。

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